The corneal effects of intravitreal dexamethasone implantation

Objectives: To evaluate the corneal effects of the intravitreal dexamethasone implantation using corneal topography and specular microscopy.Material and methods: 27 eyes of the 27 patients who received a single intravitreal dexamethasone implantation dose for diabetic macular edema were enrolled in this study. Sirius topography and EM-3000 specular microscopic examinations were performed at the initial examination (baseline), and then on the first day, during the first week, and 1 month after IDI. Changes in corneal parameters were investigated.Results: The mean age was 58.66 +/- 6.59 years. 15 patients were men, and 12 were women. The mean disease duration was 12.2 +/- 2.4 months, and mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 7.2 +/- 1.1. After dexamethasone injection, the mean central corneal thickness, endothelial cell density, and coefficient variation of cell area presented a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05). Anterior segment parameters, such as anterior chamber depth, iridocorneal angle, sim K1 and K2 keratometry, pupillary diameter, horizontal visible iris diameter, and corneal astigmatism did not change (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Intravitreal dexamethasone implantation affects corneal endothelial cell structure but does not appear to affect corneal topography parameters.