Characterization of biological molecule–loaded nanostructures using circular dichroism and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Drug-loaded nanoparticles have many advantages in drug administration, which is an essential step for the impact of the drugs and their mechanism of action. Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopy technique that measures the absorbance difference between right-circularly polarized light and left-circularly polarized light. Of several analytical techniques available, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a powerful and widely employed technique explicitly for identifying chemical species. The peaks in the IR spectrum of a sample represent the molecular vibrations of the molecules present in the sample, signifying the various chemical bonds and functional groups. Various types of nanoparticles are being utilized for drug delivery applications because of their advantages such as controlled drug release, protection of the therapeutic payload, improved bioavailability, and targeted delivery. The discovery of novel nanoparticles and their application to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases have received considerable attention during the past decades.