A tool for the assessment of swallowing safety and efficiency in adults: Turkish adaptation of boston residue and clearance scale

Tosun, Samet; Topbaş, Saime Seyhun; Aksoy, Elif

A tool for the assessment of swallowing safety and efficiency in adults: Turkish adaptation of boston residue and clearance scale

dc.contributor.author	Tosun, Samet
dc.contributor.author	Topbaş, Saime Seyhun
dc.contributor.author	Aksoy, Elif
dc.date.accessioned	2026-04-16T07:57:56Z
dc.date.available	2026-04-16T07:57:56Z
dc.date.issued	2025
dc.department	İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Dil ve Konuşma Terapisi Bölümü
dc.description.abstract	The objective of this study was to create a Turkish language adaptation of the Boston Residue and Clearance Scale (BRACS), a validated and reliable tool. The BRACS scale was first translated into Turkish and a Turkish version was subsequently developed. Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) was administered to collect data from 25 dysphagic patients who were hospitalized after a stroke. The recorded films were subjected to editing procedures to ensure their appropriateness for the assessment of swallowing disorders and were then dispatched to a panel of five speech and language therapists for evaluation using the adaptation of the BRACS instrument. The scoring by the experts was evaluated using both explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity, item reliability, and construct (composite) reliability were measured by calculating the average variance extracted (AVE) values. For the 12 location items, EFA revealed 3 main latent factors: the laryngeal vestibule and the oropharynx and hypopharynx. The Turkish BRACS had excellent inter-rater reliability (Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient values ranged from 0.93 to 0.95) and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.88 to 0.93). Inter-rater ICCs for the first and second sessions were 0.83 and 0.85, respectively. CFA showed that all fitted criteria reached acceptable or perfect fit levels. The findings indicated that the proposed factor structure was validated. The AVE values are between 0.61 and 0.73 which was taken as evidence of convergent validity. The Turkish adaptation of the BRACS tool demonstrates both reliablity and validity, rendering it a useful and credible tool for assessing residual severity, particularly in clinical settings.
dc.description.sponsorship	TÜBİTAK
dc.identifier.citation	Tosun, S., Topbaş, S. S. ve Aksoy, E. (2025). A tool for the assessment of swallowing safety and efficiency in adults: Turkish adaptation of boston residue and clearance scale. Dysphagia, 40(1), 88-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-024-10706-1
dc.identifier.doi	10.1007/s00455-024-10706-1
dc.identifier.endpage	97
dc.identifier.issn	0179-051X
dc.identifier.issn	1432-0460
dc.identifier.issue	1
dc.identifier.pmid	38703232
dc.identifier.scopus	2-s2.0-85192085271
dc.identifier.scopusquality	Q1
dc.identifier.startpage	88
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-024-10706-1
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12511/13432
dc.identifier.volume	40
dc.identifier.wos	WOS:001214798900002
dc.identifier.wosquality	Q1
dc.indekslendigikaynak	Web of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynak	Scopus
dc.indekslendigikaynak	PubMed
dc.institutionauthor	Topbaş, Saime Seyhun
dc.institutionauthorid	0000-0003-2515-3874
dc.language.iso	en
dc.relation.ispartof	Dysphagia
dc.relation.publicationcategory	Makale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights	Attribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject	Dysphagia
dc.subject	FEES
dc.subject	Residue
dc.subject	Validity and Reliability
dc.title	A tool for the assessment of swallowing safety and efficiency in adults: Turkish adaptation of boston residue and clearance scale
dc.type	Article