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A tool for the assessment of swallowing safety and efficiency in adults: Turkish adaptation of boston residue and clearance scale
(2025) Tosun, Samet; Topbaş, Saime Seyhun; Aksoy, Elif
The objective of this study was to create a Turkish language adaptation of the Boston Residue and Clearance Scale (BRACS), a validated and reliable tool. The BRACS scale was first translated into Turkish and a Turkish version was subsequently developed. Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) was administered to collect data from 25 dysphagic patients who were hospitalized after a stroke. The recorded films were subjected to editing procedures to ensure their appropriateness for the assessment of swallowing disorders and were then dispatched to a panel of five speech and language therapists for evaluation using the adaptation of the BRACS instrument. The scoring by the experts was evaluated using both explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity, item reliability, and construct (composite) reliability were measured by calculating the average variance extracted (AVE) values. For the 12 location items, EFA revealed 3 main latent factors: the laryngeal vestibule and the oropharynx and hypopharynx. The Turkish BRACS had excellent inter-rater reliability (Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient values ranged from 0.93 to 0.95) and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.88 to 0.93). Inter-rater ICCs for the first and second sessions were 0.83 and 0.85, respectively. CFA showed that all fitted criteria reached acceptable or perfect fit levels. The findings indicated that the proposed factor structure was validated. The AVE values are between 0.61 and 0.73 which was taken as evidence of convergent validity. The Turkish adaptation of the BRACS tool demonstrates both reliablity and validity, rendering it a useful and credible tool for assessing residual severity, particularly in clinical settings.
Relationship between anatomical and physiological problems with speech problems in Turkish-speaking children with cleft lip and palate
(2024) Birol, Namık Yücel; Ünal Logacev, Özlem
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the speech and resonance characteristics of Turkish-speaking children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to investigate the relationship between oral anatomical-physiological problems and speech-resonance problems. Materials and Methods: 40 Turkish-speaking children with CLP between the ages of 3 and 15 underwent oral-motor evaluation, nasometric evaluation (The Nasometric Assessment Tool-Turkish), articulation evaluation (sentence repetition test), and perceptual resonance evaluation. Results: The most common speech errors seen in the participants were backing, differentiation of glides, voicing errors, labialisation, nasalisation, palatalisation, dentalisation and lateralisation. 35% of the participants had normal resonance, while the remaining 65% had resonance-airflow problems. A significant relationship was found between hypernasality and nasalisation, weak articulation, and double articulation. A significant relationship was found between class III malocclusion and dentalisation, lateralisation, bilabialisation; crossbite and lateralisation; missing teeth and dentalisation, palatalisation, fronting. Conclusion: There is a relationship between dental and occlusal anomalies and speech errors and between hypernasality and speech errors. In addition to articulation errors, phonological processes may also be present in Turkish-speaking children with CLP. The results of this study can be taken into consideration by speech and language therapists while conducting assessments and providing interventions for Turkish-speaking children with CLP.
Contributions of the left and right thalami to language: A meta-analytic approach
(2024) Bulut, Talat; Hagoort, Peter
Background: Despite a pervasive cortico-centric view in cognitive neuroscience, subcortical structures including the thalamus have been shown to be increasingly involved in higher cognitive functions. Previous structural and functional imaging studies demonstrated cortico-thalamo-cortical loops which may support various cognitive functions including language. However, large-scale functional connectivity of the thalamus during language tasks has not been examined before. Methods: The present study employed meta-analytic connectivity modeling to identify language-related coactivation patterns of the left and right thalami. The left and right thalami were used as regions of interest to search the BrainMap functional database for neuroimaging experiments with healthy participants reporting language-related activations in each region of interest. Activation likelihood estimation analyses were then carried out on the foci extracted from the identified studies to estimate functional convergence for each thalamus. A functional decoding analysis based on the same database was conducted to characterize thalamic contributions to different language functions. Results: The results revealed bilateral frontotemporal and bilateral subcortical (basal ganglia) coactivation patterns for both the left and right thalami, and also right cerebellar coactivations for the left thalamus, during language processing. In light of previous empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the present connectivity and functional decoding findings suggest that cortico-subcortical-cerebellar-cortical loops modulate and fine-tune information transfer within the bilateral frontotemporal cortices during language processing, especially during production and semantic operations, but also other language (e.g., syntax, phonology) and cognitive operations (e.g., attention, cognitive control). Conclusion: The current findings show that the language-relevant network extends beyond the classical left perisylvian cortices and spans bilateral cortical, bilateral subcortical (bilateral thalamus, bilateral basal ganglia) and right cerebellar regions.
Characterization of speech and language phenotype in the 8p23.1 syndrome
(2024) Karsan, Çağdaş; Ocak, Feyzanur; Bulut, Talat
The 8p23.1 duplication syndrome is a rare genetic condition with an estimated prevalence rate of 1 out of 58,000. Although the syndrome was associated with speech and language delays, a comprehensive assessment of speech and language functions has not been undertaken in this population. To address this issue, the present study reports rigorous speech and language, in addition to oral-facial and developmental, assessment of a 50-month-old Turkish-speaking boy who was diagnosed with the 8p23.1 duplication syndrome. Standardized tests of development, articulation and phonology, receptive and expressive language and a language sample analysis were administered to characterize speech and language skills in the patient. The language sample was obtained in an ecologically valid, free play and conversation context. The language sample was then analyzed and compared to a database of age-matched typically-developing children (n = 33) in terms of intelligibility, morphosyntax, semantics/vocabulary, discourse, verbal facility and percentage of errors at word and utterance levels. The results revealed mild to severe problems in articulation and phonology, receptive and expressive language skills, and morphosyntax (mean length of utterance in morphemes). Future research with larger sample sizes and employing detailed speech and language assessment is needed to delineate the speech and language profile in individuals with the 8p23.1 duplication syndrome, which will guide targeted speech and language interventions.
Reliability, validity and normative data of the timed water swallow test accompanied by semg
(2024) Akıl, Dilan Selen; Bengisu, Serkan; Sezer, Eyüp; Krespi, Yakup; Topbaş, Saime Seyhun
Purpose: Swallowing disorders are highly interrelated with increased morbidity and mortality rates; therefore, early detection is crucial. Most screening tools rely on subjective observation, thus making objective assessment tools more vital. Timed Water Swallowing Test (TWST) is a screening tool used in the field providing quantitative data. This study aimed to investigate the swallowing parameters in a wide age range by using TWST and to expand the already existing normative data pool accordingly. It is also aimed to examine the reliability of the TWST and assess its validity in stroke survivors. Materials and methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. TWST carried out simultaneously along with surface EMG and laryngeal sensor on 196 healthy subjects aged 10 to 80 for normative data. Also, TWST carried out 30 patients having a history of recent stroke. Test-retest and inter-rater scoring analysis were used for reliability purposes, while Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) test was used for validity purposes. Additionally, the correlations between the participants’ TWST scores and GUSS scores were examined using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The normative TWST data of healthy participants are tabulated and presented and their average swallowing capacity was found 13.73 ml/s. Furthermore, the mean swallowing capacity of stroke survivors was found 4.61 ml/s. As a result of validity analyses, a statistically strong and significant relationship was found between GUSS and TWST parameters (r = 0.775, p < 0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and correlation values were found between moderate to good agreement between test-retest measurement (ICC = 0.563 to 0.891, p < 0.05). Also, the agreement between the raters was found to be significant (ICC = 0.949 to 0.995, p < 0.05). Conclusion: TWST is a valid and reliable screening tool to evaluate dysphagia on given population. Although the test’s performance on healthy individuals is adequate, more research is still needed to confirm that it can be used as a screening tool for stroke.
Cortical organization of action and object naming in Turkish: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
(2024) Bulut, Talat; Temiz, Gülkader
It is controversial whether the linguistic distinction between nouns and verbs is reflected in the cortical organization of the lexicon. Neuropsychological studies of aphasia and neuroimaging studies have associated the left prefrontal cortex, particularly Broca's area, with verbs/actions, and the left posterior temporal cortex, particularly Wernicke's area, with nouns/objects. However, more recent research has revealed that evidence for this distinction is inconsistent. Against this background, the present study employed low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to investigate the dissociation of action and object naming in Broca's and Wernicke's areas in Turkish. Thirty-six healthy adult participants took part in the study. In two experiments, low-frequency (1 Hz) inhibitory rTMS was administered at 100% of motor threshold for 10 minutes to suppress the activity of the left prefrontal cortex spanning Broca's area or the left posterior temporal cortex spanning Wernicke's area. A picture naming task involving objects and actions was employed before and after the stimulation sessions to examine any pre- to post-stimulation changes in naming latencies. Linear mixed models that included various psycholinguistic covariates including frequency, visual and conceptual complexity, age of acquisition, name agreement and word length were fitted to the data. The findings showed that conceptual complexity, age of acquisition of the target word and name agreement had a significant effect on naming latencies, which was consistent across both experiments. Critically, the findings significantly associated Broca's area, but not Wernicke's area, in the distinction between naming objects and actions. Suppression of Broca's area led to a significant and robust increase in naming latencies (or slowdown) for objects and a marginally significant, but not robust, reduction in naming latencies (or speedup) for actions. The findings suggest that actions and objects in Turkish can be dissociated in Broca's area.
Hijacking limitations of working memory load to test for composition in language
(2024) Ullman, Michael T.; Bulut, Talat; Walenski, Matthew
Although language depends on storage and composition, just what is stored or (de)composed remains unclear. We leveraged working memory load limitations to test for composition, hypothesizing that decomposed forms should particularly tax working memory. We focused on a well-studied paradigm, English inflectional morphology. We predicted that (compositional) regulars should be harder to maintain in working memory than (non-compositional) irregulars, using a 3-back production task. Frequency, phonology, orthography, and other potentially confounding factors were controlled for. Compared to irregulars, regulars and their accompanying -s/-ing-affixed filler items yielded more errors. Underscoring the decomposition of only regulars, regulars yielded more bare-stem (e.g., walk) and stem affixation errors (walks/walking) than irregulars, whereas irregulars yielded more past-tense-form affixation errors (broughts/tolded). In line with previous evidence that regulars can be stored under certain conditions, the regular-irregular difference held specifically for phonologically consistent (not inconsistent) regulars, in particular for both low and high frequency consistent regulars in males, but only for low frequency consistent regulars in females. Sensitivity analyses suggested the findings were robust. The study further elucidates the computation of inflected forms, and introduces a simple diagnostic for linguistic composition.
Determination of cyberloafing level of speech and language therapy department students
(2024) Karalı, Fenise Selin; Tosun, Samet; Şen Aksüt, Meltem; Kaçar Kütükçü, Dilber
Cyberloafing is the use of (e.g. smartphones, tablets, laptops, and the Internet) for purposes other than work related reasons during work hours. Although cyberloafing in the workplace has been widely investigated, there is relatively a small number of studies on cyberloafing behaviors in educational settings, which refer to students' tendencies to use technology for non-class-related purposes during lectures. The goal of the current study is to determine how frequently and for what purposes speech and language therapy (SLT) students at Biruni University engage in cyberloafing during lectures. In this quantitative study, The Cyberloafing Scale was administered to 264 undergraduate students (235 female; 27 male; 2 preferred not to disclose). The results revealed that SLT students’ cyberloafing behavior was very high. However, there is no statistically significant difference between the gender variable and the overall mean score for cyberloafing. There is a statistically significant difference between genders in gaming/gambling subscale favoring males and in shopping subscale favoring females. Further studies should be conducted to analyze cyberloafing behavior in health education.
Knowledge of speech and language therapists about drugs related to speech, language, voice and swallowing disorders
(2024) Birol, Namık Yücel; Gündüz, Esra Yaşar; Tosun, Samet
This descriptive study aims to assess the knowledge of speech and language therapists, who assess and treat clients with speech, language, voice, and swallowing disorders, their pharmacology education, and regarding the drugs related to these disorders. This study involved 96 speech and language therapists from different regions of Türkiye. A survey based on the literature was created to assess the level of knowledge of participants about the indications, contraindications and side effects of drugs related to speech, language, voice and swallowing disorders, as well as their pharmacology training. Our study determined that more than half of the participants had a low level or no knowledge about the indications, contraindications and side effects of drugs related to speech, language, voice and swallowing disorders. In addition, 86.5% of participants reported that they had not received adequate training on drugs at the bachelor and graduate level, and 93.8% of participants would like to receive more training on this subject. Since there is no study in literature that assesses the pharmacology knowledge of speech and language therapists, it is envisaged that our research will make a significant contribution to the field and raise the level of knowledge and awareness among professionals.
Domain-general and domain-specific functional networks of Broca's area underlying language processing
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023) Bulut, Talat
IntroductionDespite abundant research on the role of Broca's area in language processing, there is still no consensus on language specificity of this region and its connectivity network. MethodsThe present study employed the meta-analytic connectivity modeling procedure to identify and compare domain-specific (language-specific) and domain-general (shared between language and other domains) functional connectivity patterns of three subdivisions within the broadly defined Broca's area: pars opercularis (IFGop), pars triangularis (IFGtri), and pars orbitalis (IFGorb) of the left inferior frontal gyrus. ResultsThe findings revealed a left-lateralized frontotemporal network for all regions of interest underlying domain-specific linguistic functions. The domain-general network, however, spanned frontoparietal regions that overlap with the multiple-demand network and subcortical regions spanning the thalamus and the basal ganglia. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that language specificity of Broca's area emerges within a left-lateralized frontotemporal network, and that domain-general resources are garnered from frontoparietal and subcortical networks when required by task demands.
Afazili bireylerde dil becerileri ve istatistiki öğrenme becerisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
(Dilbilim Derneği, 2023) Bulut, Talat; Bahar, Emine
ÖZ: Afazi; bireylerdeki çeşitli dil, konuşma ve iletişim becerilerinde sorunlara yol açan bir dil bozukluğudur. Afazinin yalnızca dil becerilerinde değil, bilişsel beceriler üzerinde de etkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Mevcut çalışmada istatistiki öğrenmenin dil becerileri üzerindeki etkisi ve afazi ile olası ilişkisinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca farklı algısal alanlardaki (işitsel ve görsel alanlar) istatistiki öğrenme becerisinin dil becerilerini farklı şekilde etkileyip etkilemediği araştırmanın alt amacıdır. Bu amaçla afazi grubu (n = 16) ve bu bireylerle yaş ve eğitim seviyesi açısından eşleştirilmiş sağlıklı kontrol grubundaki (n = 29) bireylerden bilişsel beceriler (görsel ve işitsel istatistiki öğrenme, sözel olmayan zekâ) ve dil becerilerine (Afazi Dil Değerlendirme Testi) ilişkin ölçümler alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Kruskal-Wallis testleri ve çoklu regresyon modelleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Afazi Dil Değerlendirme Testi skorları ile istatistiki öğrenme skorları arasındaki ilişki incelediğinde okuma, konuşma akıcılığı ve dilbilgisi alt testlerinde görsel istatistiki öğrenmenin pozitif yönlü yordayıcı etkisi görülmüştür. Özellikle görsel istatistiki öğrenme becerisinin afazide dil becerileri ile ilişkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bulguların afazi değerlendirme ve terapi süreçlerini etkileyebilecek potansiyeli bulunmaktadır.
A preliminary comparison of fluent and non-fluent speech through Turkish predictive cluttering inventory-revised
(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Altınsoy, Aslı; Özdemir, Ramazan Sertan; Torun, Şükrü
Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the speech fluency performance of non-fluent participants namely people with stuttering (PWS), people with cluttering (PWC) and people with cluttering and stuttering (PWCS) with a fluent control group using the Turkish version of Predictive Cluttering Inventory-revised (TR-PCI-r).Methods: The study recruited non-fluent individuals (n = 60) and fluent controls (n = 60) between the ages of 6 and 55. The non-fluent group was perceptually evaluated by two speech and language pathologists (SLP). The speaking, reading and retelling samples were collected from 18 PWC, 17 PWCS, 25 PWS and 60 controls. The scores of each factor were compared. Age and gender differences were analyzed. Validity and reliability were calculated. Results: The agreement between two SLPs was found to be at the barely acceptable level (kappa = 0.378). PWC and PWCS produced parallel outcomes in the speech motor area. In every other domain and in total scores, PWC were different from PWCS, PWS, and the controls. There was a variation in the total scores obtained by the children and adolescents in the PWS and between males and females in the controls. Except for three items (namely items 8, 22, 27), TR-PCI-r met the content validity criterion. Furthermore, TR-PCI-r was found to be a reliable tool as shown by alpha> 0.70 and ICC values of between 0.75 and 0.90.Conclusion: The scores from TR-PCI-r indicated that, speech motor characteristics of PWC and PWCS were similar. Other features assessed by the tool seemed to distinguish PWC from PWCS, PWS and controls.
Sendromik ve sendromik olmayan dudak-damak yarığı: Ayırt edici özellikler
(Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi, 2021) Ergüvenli, Özlem; Ünal Logacev, Özlem
Amaç: Dudak-damak yarığı (DDY) olan bireyler, doğumdan erişkinliğe kadar ki süreçte multidisipliner bir ekip tarafından uzun süreli takip ve tedaviye ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Kimi zaman DDY’li bireyler çeşitli sendromlarla ilişkilendirilmektedirler. Sendromik olan ve olmayan DDY’li olguların birbirlerinden ayırt edici özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, multidisipliner ekip elemanlarının bu olgular için doğru yönlendirme yapmalarına ve hem cerrahi hem de terapötik olarak doğru müdahalede bulunmalarına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, DDY’li bireylerde sendromlarla ilişkilendirilen sağlık sorunları, periferal bulgular, genel gelişim ve dil sorunları açısından sendromu olan ve olmayan DDY’li 2 grubu karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmanın katılımcıları dudak-damak yarığı, submuköz damak yarığı ve velofaringeal yetmezlik sorunlarından en az birini yaşayan 0-12 yaş arasındaki bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar, kraniyofasiyal sendromu olan (n=19) ve herhangi bir kraniyofasiyal sendromu olmayan (n=48) olgular olarak 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Değerlendirmeler için DudakDamak Yarığı Değerlendirme Formu, Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri (AGTE) ve Türkçe Erken Dil Gelişimi Testi kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler IBM SPSS 25.0 yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Her 2 grup arasında oral-periferal özellikler, sistemik tıbbi sorunlar, dil gelişimi ve genel gelişim açısından istatistiksel farklılıklar bulunmuştur. AGTE sonuçları, özellikle motor gelişim alanlarında, tavan etkisi nedeniyle klinik gözlemlerle örtüşmeyen sonuçlar vermiştir. Sonuç: Sendromik olgularda sendromik olmayanlara göre; gelişim gerilikleri, dil bozuklukları, sistemik sağlık sorunları ve periferal malformasyonlar çok daha fazla gözlenmektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre DDY ile birlikte gözlenen sistemik ve periferik sorunların varlığında dil ve konuşma terapistlerinin sendrom şüphesi ile genetik yönlendirme yapmaları önerilmektedir.
Preferences of speech and language therapists for telepractice in the COVID-19 pandemic and factors affecting their acceptance of the delivery model
(2021) Cangi, Mehmet Emrah; Yaşa, İbrahim Can; Işıldar, Ayşe
Objectives: With the COVID-19 pandemic, telepractice became a great option in speech-language therapy services, as in many healthcare utilities. However, the transition to this service model did not occur at a similar rate for every clinician. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the experiences, preferences and factors affecting the acceptance of speech-language therapists (SLT) regarding telepractice in Turkey.Methods: Sixty-seven SLTs were presented with a questionnaire that addressed the professional tendencies, experiences and views on telepractice of them. Descriptive statistics regarding the preferences and experiences of SLTs were calculated. Moreover, factors that might be related to the number of sessions they held at the pandemic were examined with the Chi-squared test.Results: The speech-language disorders that SLTs find the most suitable for telepractice were fluency disorders, voice disorders and speech sound disorders. Groups that SLTs deemed most suitable for receiving telepractice in terms of age were 12-21, 22-64 and 7-11, respectively. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of online meetings and telepractice sessions before the pandemic and the number of sessions during the pandemic. Furthermore, a significant relationship also was found between satisfaction with using clinician skills in telepractice and the number of telepractice sessions during the pandemic.Conclusions: The importance of the first experiences of SLTs in the acceptance of the delivery method emerged. The necessity of in-service trainings and exemplary models to improve attitudes emerged. With these trainings, ensuring security, standardizing practices and increasing qualified services will be provided as well.
Intonation of Greek in contact with Turkish: A diachronic study
(Cambridge University Press, 2022) Baltazani, Mary; Przedlacka, Joanna; Ünal Logacev, Özlem; Logacev, Pavel; Coleman, John
Asia Minor Greek (AMG) speakers cohabited with Turkish speakers for eight hundred years until the 1923 Lausanne Convention, which forced a two-way mass population exchange between Turkey and Greece and severed their everyday contact. We compare the intonation of the continuation rise tune in the speech of first-generation AMG speakers born in Turkey with three subsequent generations born in Greece. We examine how long contact effects in intonation persist after contact has ceased, through comparison of the f0 patterns in four generations of AMG speakers with those of their Athenian Greek- and Turkish-speaking contemporaries. The speech of the first-generation of AMG speakers exhibits two patterns in the f0 curve shape and time alignment of the continuation rises, one Athenian-like and one Turkish-like. Over subsequent generations use of the latter diminishes, while the Athenian pattern becomes more frequent, indicating intergenerational change.
Cultural and linguistic practice with children with developmental language disorder: Findings from an international practitioner survey
(Karger, 2021) Stankova, Margarita; Rodríguez-Ortiz, Isabel R.; Mati?, Ana; Levickis, Penny; Lyons, Rena; Messarra, Camille; Kouba Hreich, Edith; Vulchanova, Mila; Vulchanov, Valentin; Czaplewska, Ewa; Ringblom, Natalia; Hansson, Kristina; Håkansson, Gisela; Jalali-Moghadam, Niloufar; Dionissieva, Katya; Günhan Şenol, Nazmiye Evra; Law, James
Background: The cultural and language diversity across many European countries presents a range of challenges and opportunities for speech and language therapists and other practitioners working with children with developmental language disorders (DLD) and their families. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore practitioners' perceptions of cultural and linguistic differences in response to children with DLD across different countries. Methods: A survey was developed by practitioners and researchers working with children with DLD across Europe and beyond as part of the work of Cost Action IS1406. Data from 1,358 practitioners from 8 European countries - Ireland, UK, Bulgaria, Poland, Croatia, Spain, Norway and Sweden - and 2 neighbour countries - Turkey and Lebanon - were included in the present analyses, which address two groups of questions. The first focuses on practitioners' perceptions of the way that parents think about cultural differences and their relationship to language development in their children. The second concerns the extent to which practitioners consider themselves to have the skills to work with children from other cultures and using different languages. Results/Conclusions: Most countries present a similar profile with intermediate results about their perception of cultural issues, but Lebanon and Turkey are the group with the most positive responses. In terms of bilingual issues most practitioners indicated that they only worked in their country's primary language. The only country where this was not the case was Lebanon. Professionals from Spain and Lebanon form a subgroup in terms of their confidence to work with different cultural/language groups. The paper highlights both the universal importance of cultural and linguistic competence in managing young children's needs and indicates that in most cases professionals do not think they have the necessary expertise to work with cultural and linguistic diversity.
Turkish adaptation of modified mann swallowing ability test in patients with acute stroke: A validity and reliability study
(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2022) Berber Çiftci, Hilal; Topbaş, Seyhun
Objective: The aim of the dysphagia screening test is to identify as many cases as possible before aspiration occurs. In Türkiye, there is a need for a practical and non-invasive screening test that evaluates swallowing pre-skills apart from comprehensive clinical tests. For this purpose, the Turkish validity and reliability of the Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MMASA) test were examined. Material and Methods: The test was translated into Turkish, and its content validity index was calculated. Then, the test was re-translated to English, and its compliance with the original version was evaluated. The generated Turkish MMASA (TR-MMASA) test was applied to 90 patients with acute stroke. Similar scale validity was evaluated by checking its compliance with the Turkish Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (T-MASA) test. The test-retest and interrater reliability methods were used for reliability analysis. Internal consistency (IC) and item-total correlation were examined. Results: Reliability was calculated according to intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficients (ICC=0.92, ICC=0.97). IC and item-total correlation coefficients were examined (Cronbach’s alpha=0.91). For convergent and discriminant validity, T-MASA test was applied, and the Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was examined (r=0.88). As a result of the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivity (87%), specificity (88%), positive predictive value (0.77), negative predictive value (0.93), positive likelihood ratio (7.14) and negative likelihood ratio (0.14) percentages of the test were found valid. Conclusion: TR-MMASA test was found to be a valid and reliable screening test for bedside clinical evaluation in patients with acute stroke.
Effectiveness of virtual reality-based vestibular rehabilitation in patients with peripheral vestibular hypofunction
(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2022) Başoğlu, Yuşa; Şerbetçioğlu, Mustafa Bülent; Çelik, İlayda; Demirhan, Hasan
Indexed keywords Metrics Abstract Background/aim: The rehabilitation of classical peripheral vestibular disorders is long and costly. Recently, interactive systems based on virtual reality (VR) technology have reduced the cost of vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) and made the process more enjoyable. This study aims to investigate the effects of VR-based VRT in patients diagnosed with peripheral vestibular hypofunction (PVH). Materials and methods: In this study, a VR-based VRT program that utilized Sony Playstation®4 VR Head Mounted Display was applied to 25 patients (between 18–60) diagnosed with PVH. PVH was diagnosed by evaluating the patients’ clinical histories, the findings in the “Micromedical Technologies VisualEyes Spectrum” videonystagmography (VNG) and the “Micromedical Aqua Stim” model bithermal water caloric tests. VR-based VRT program was applied to the patients for 4 weeks, 2 sessions per week, 8 sessions in total. Each session lasted around 30 to 40 min. All patients underwent the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Adaptation Test (ADT), Limits of Stability (LOS), and Rhythmic Weight Shift (RWS) before, after, and 8-week follow-up of the VRT program. In addition, the Cybersickness Survey was applied to the patients at the end of the VR-based VRT session every week. Results: The DHI mean scores of the patients were 54.60, 19.20, and 16.84, respectively, before, just after, and at the 8-week follow-up VRT (p < 0.001). The mean SOT composite score of the patients was obtained as 58.08 before VRT; 77.16 after VRT and 76.40 at 8-week after VRT (p < 0.000). On the other hand, the values in the ‘movement velocity’ and “direction control” parameters of the patients in LOS and RWS showed a significant improvement after VRT compared to before VRT (p < 0.000). From before VRT to 8 weeks after VRT, the patient’s oscillation averages in the ‘toes up’ and ‘toes down’ positions in ADT reduced progressively (p < 0.000). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that implementing a VR-based VRT protocol may be an efficient option to improve posture stability and the quality of life in patients with PVH. In addition, VR-based vestibular rehabilitation therapy has shown to be effective for PVH patients in the mid-term.
Adaptation of the Aphasia Impact Questionnaire-21 into Turkish: Reliability and validity study
(Routledge Journals, 2022) Yaşar, Esra; Günhan Şenol, Nazmiye Evra; Ertürk Zararsız, Gözde; Birol, Namık Yücel
Practices for the evaluation and treatment for people with aphasia (PWA) is dominated by an impairment-based view of aphasia. The number of aphasia evaluation tools adapted or developed to reflect PWA's perspective in Turkish is limited. Aphasia Impact Questionnaire-21 (AIQ-21), a tool developed based on the social model of disability, measures the individuals' quality of life from their own perspective. This study sought to adapt and establish the validity and reliability of AIQ-21 in Turkish (AIQ-21-TR) to meet this need. Data from 43 PWA and 61 healthy participants were analysed to determine AIQ-21-TR's construct, criterion, face validity and content validity. Reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficients and the inter-item and item-total score correlations coefficients. Correlation between AIQ-21-TR and Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 Turkish (SAQOL-39-TR) was also calculated. The validity analysis indicated that the Turkish adaptation of AIQ-21 has a high level of construct, content, face, and criterion validity. Similarly, the reliability analysis showed that the adapted questionnaire has an excellent reliability coefficient (alpha = 0.91). Our findings suggested that AIQ-21-TR may be used as a reliable and valid tool with PWA in clinical and research settings.
The attitudes of employers towards stuttering and people who stutter: Descriptive research
(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2022) Çağlayan, Ayhan; Özdemir, Ramazan Sertan
Objective: This study is designed to put forth how stuttering -as a disorder- and people who stutter (PWS) are perceived by employers in Türkiye and reveal attitudes of employers toward PWS in consideration of gender and educational status. The current study also investigates different responses of employers in 5 business areas (health service, education service, factory/company, cafe/restaurant, and store) and the general impression of employers toward PWS and people with a physical disability. Material and Methods: One hundred and eighteen employers from 5 business areas in İzmir were contacted and the data were analyzed by using the convenience sampling method. The Public Opinion Survey of Human AttributesStuttering (POSHA-S) is used as a measuring instrument. POSHA-S samples various beliefs, reactions, behaviors, and emotions that can identify social ignorance, stigmatization, and/or discrimination towards stuttering. Results: Employers consider PWS to be shy, timid, angry, and easily excitable. It has been found that employers have negative attitudes toward PWS, and stuttering is an undesirable quality for employers. No significant difference was found between the 5 business areas, different educational statuses and genders, and similar negative attitudes were observed (p>0.05). Furthermore, employers have more negative attitudes toward PWS than they have toward people with a physical disability. Conclusion: There are similar negative attitudes and stigmatization towards stuttering and PWS by employers regardless of business area, age, gender, and educational status. For this reason, PWS will likely have difficulties in employment and maintaining the job, and this will negatively affect the lives of individuals.

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