Comparison of pupillometry measurements in myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic children

To compare spherical and cylindrical equivalent, and pupillometry measurements between non-amblyopic myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic children. The study was conducted prospectively and cross-sectionally in a single-centered eye clinic. Three non-amblyopic groups were included in the study: myopic (Myopia Group), emmetropic (Emmetropia Group), and hyperopic (Hyperopia Group) children. The groups were compared in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), spherical equivalent (SE), and pupillometry measurements, including minimum dynamic pupillometry, maximum dynamic pupillometry, mesopic pupillometry, and photopic pupillometry. The correlation analysis was also performed between the measurements. We noted significant differences in mean SE values between the three groups and between the paired groups (p<0.001 for all). Similar mean cylindrical equivalent values were observed between the three groups and between the paired groups (p>0.05 for all). The hyperopia group had the lowest mean minimum dynamic pupillometry, maximum dynamic pupillometry, mesopic pupillometry, and photopic pupillometry values (1.97±0.57, 5.23±051, 4.96±0.41, and 3.30±0.54, respectively). We found significant differences in all pupillometry measurements between the three groups (p<0.05 for all). However, similar results were obtained in all pupillometry measurements between the paired comparison of emmetropia and hyperopia groups (p>0.05 for all). We also did not observe any correlation between the pupil diameter and age or gender (p>0.05 for both). Our study might be unique regarding the comparison of pupillometry measurements in non-amblyopic children with refractive errors. Myopia in the pediatric population may have potential pupillometric effects when compared to emmetropia and hyperopia. This should be considered in terms of the clinical relevance of pediatric refractive examination under different illumination conditions.