Treatment of intraarticular joint fractures of the lower extremity with external fixators

Distal femoral fractures constitute 3–7% of all femoral fractures. The degree of intra-articular fractures varies from simple split fractures to wide intra-articular and fragmented fractures extending to the metaphysis. These fractures may be the result of high-energy trauma or a simple fall from a standing height. The amount of fragmentation is determined by the energy causing the fracture and by the individual’s bone quality. The age groups which have peak frequency of these injuries are elderly females and young males. In elderly patients, fractures more commonly occur as a result of indirect forces and result in a multi-fragmentary metaphyseal fracture and possible intra-articular extension. High-energy mechanisms may have quite complex articular involvement. These high-energy fractures may be seen together with fractures in other areas.