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Öğe Focal cortical dysplasia: Etiology, epileptogenesis, classification, clinical presentation, imaging, and management(Springer, 2020) Tahta, Alican; Turgut, MehmetBackground Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most prevalent cause of intractable epilepsy in children. It was first described by Taylor et al. in 1971. In 2011, the International League against Epilepsy described an international consensus of classification for FCD. However, the exact mechanism causing this pathology remains unclear. The diagnosis and recognition of FCD increase with the advances in neuroradiology and electrophysiology. Focus of review In this paper, we discuss the literature regarding management of FCD with a focus on etiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation, and imaging modalities. We will also discuss certain variables affecting surgical outcome of patients with FCD. Conclusion Based on our review findings, it is concluded that surgical management with complete resection of the lesion following preoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with FCD subtypes can provide a seizure-free outcome.Öğe Nivolumab for relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma experience in Turkey(Ferrata Storti Foundation, 2017) Ferhanoğlu, Burhan; Beköz, Hüseyin Saffet; Karadurmuş, Nuri; Paydaş, Semra; Gülbaş, Zafer; Türker, Alev; Toptaş, Tayfur; Fıratlı Tuğlular, Tülin; Tekgündüz, Emre; Kaya, Ali Hakan; Taştemir, N.; Arat, Mutlu; Pepedil Tanrıkulu, Funda; Özkocaman, Vildan; Abalı, Hüseyin; Turgut, Mehmet; Kaynar, Leylagül; Karadoğan, İhsan; Özbalak, Murat; Özcan, Muhit; Doğu, Mehmet Hilmi; Kabukçu Hacıoğlu, Sibel; Yıldırım, Rahsan; Barışta, İbrahim; Demirkaya, Metin; Köseoğlu, Fatoş Dilan; Yüksel, Meltem Kurt; Sönmez, Mehmet; Toprak, Selami Koçak[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Nivolumab for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Real-life experience(Oxford University Press, 2017) Beköz, Hüseyin Saffet; Karadurmuş, Nuri; Paydaş, Semra; Türker, Alev; Toptaş, Tayfur; Fıratlı Tuğlular, Tülin; Sönmez, Mehmet Giray; Gülbaş, Zafer; Tekgündüz, Emre; Kaya, Ali Hakan; Özbalak, Murat; Taştemir, N; Kaynar, Leylagül; Yildirim Rahşan; Karadoğan, İhsan; Arat Ersöz, Mutlu; Pepedil Tanrıkulu, Funda; Özkocaman, Vildan; Abali, Hüseyin; Turgut, Mehmet; Kurt Yüksel, M; Özcan, Muhit; Doğu, Mehmet Hilmi; Kabukçu Hacıoğlu, Sibel; Barişta, İbrahim; Demirkaya, Metin; Köseoğlu, Fatoş Dilan; Toprak, Selami Koçak; Yilmaz, Mehmet Birhan; Demirkürek, Hüseyin; Demirkol, Mehmet Onur; Ferhanoğlu, BurhanBackground: Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) are characterized by genetic alterations at the 9p24.1 locus, leading to over-expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and 2. In a phase 1b study, nivolumab, a PD-1-blocking antibody, produced a high response in patients with relapsed or refractory cHL, with an acceptable safety profile. Patients and methods: We present a retrospective analysis of 82 patients (median age: 30 years; range: 18-75) with relapsed/refractory HL treated with nivolumab in a named patient program from 24 centers throughout Turkey. The median follow-up was 7 months, and the patients had a median of 5 (2-11) previous lines of therapy. Fifty-seven (70%) and 63 (77%) had been treated by stem-cell transplantation and brentuximab vedotin, respectively. Results: Among 75 patients evaluated after 12 weeks of nivolumab treatment, the objective response rate was 64%, with 16 complete responses (CR; 22%); after 16 weeks, it was 60%, with 16 (26%) patients achieving CR. Twenty patients underwent subsequent transplantation. Among 11 patients receiving allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, 5 had CR at the time of transplantation and are currently alive with ongoing response. At the time of analysis, 41 patients remained on nivolumab treatment. Among the patients who discontinued nivolumab, the main reason was disease progression (n = 19). The safety profile was acceptable, with only four patients requiring cessation of nivolumab due to serious adverse events (autoimmune encephalitis, pulmonary adverse event, and two cases of graft-versus-host disease aggravation). The 6-month overall and progression-free survival rates were 91.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.83-0.96) and 77.3% (0.66-0.85), respectively. Ten patients died during the follow-up; one of these was judged to be treatment-related. Conclusions: Nivolumab represents a novel option for patients with cHL refractory to brentuximab vedotin, and may serve as a bridge to transplantation; however, it may be associated with increased toxicity.Öğe Nivolumab for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Real-life experience(Springer, 2020) Beköz, Hüseyin; Özbalak, Murat; Karadurmuş, Nuri; Paydaş, Semra; Türker, Alev; Toptaş, Tayfur; Fıratlı Tuğlular, Tülin; Altuntaş, Fevzi; Kızıl Çakar, Merih; Sönmez, Mehmet; Gülbaş, Zafer; Demir, Nazlı; Kaynar, Leylagül; Yıldırım, Rahşan; Karadoğan, İhsan; Arat, Mutlu; Kapucu, İrem; Alayvaz Aslan, Nevin; Özkocaman, Vildan; Turgut, Mehmet; Kurt Yüksel, Meltem; Özcan, Muhit; Kabukçu Hacıoğlu, Sibel; Barışta, İbrahim; Demirkaya, Metin; Saydam, Güray; Toprak, Selami Koçak; Yılmaz, Mehmet; Demirkol, Onur; Ferhanoğlu, BurhanClassical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is considered a curable disease; however, in approximately one-third of the responding patients, the disease relapses following completion of therapy. One of the drugs that have been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory cHL is nivolumab, an immune check point inhibitor that shows its effects by blocking the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor. In this study, we present a retrospective "real-life" analysis of the usage of nivolumab in patients with relapsed/refractory cHL that have joined the named patient program (NPP) for nivolumab, reflecting 4 years of experience in the treatment of relapsed/refractory cHL. We present a retrospective analysis of 87 patients (median age, 30) that participated in the NPP in 24 different centers, who had relapsed/refractory cHL and were consequently treated with nivolumab. The median follow-up was 29 months, and the median number of previous treatments was 5 (2-11). In this study, the best overall response rate was 70% (CR, 36%; PR, 34%). Twenty-eight of the responding patients underwent subsequent stem cell transplantation (SCT). Among 15 patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 9 patients underwent transplantation with objective response, of which 8 of them are currently alive with ongoing response. At the time of analysis, 23 patients remained on nivolumab treatment and the rest discontinued therapy. The main reason for discontinuing nivolumab was disease progression (n = 23). The safety profile was acceptable, with only nine patients requiring cessation of nivolumab due to serious adverse events. The 24-month progression-free and overall survival rates were 58.5% (95% CI, 0.47-0.68) and 78.7% (95% CI, 0.68-0.86), respectively. Eighteen patients died during the follow-up and only one of these was regarded to be treatment-related. With its efficacy and its safety profile, PD-1 blockers became an important treatment option in the heavily pretreated cHL patients.Öğe Other lesions of the corpus callosum(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Tahta, Alican; Turgut, MehmetOther less common lesions can be detected in the corpus callosum (CC) in addition to well-known lesions. These pathologies include CC atrophy in chronic alcoholism, CC changes in high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and Virchow-Robin spaces. Atrophy and tissue loss can be detected in the CC in chronic alcoholics. Lesions in the CC due to microbleeding can be detected in HACE. The Virchow-Robin spaces are associated with age and lacunar infarcts but are generally not expected to cause neurological deterioration. In this chapter, we will mention about the age and gender groups in which these lesions are common neuroimaging features, frequently involved parts of the CC, and pathophysiology of these lesions.
