Efficacy of different surface treatments and universal adhesives on the microtensile bond strength of bulk-fill composite repair

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different surface treatments and aging on the microtensile bond strength (mu TBS) of bulk-fill composite resins. Bulk-fill composites (Filtek One; 3M ESPE) randomly received five different surface treatments: (1) no treatment, control, (2) 37% phosphoric acid etching (PA), (3) 9% hydrofluoric acid etching (HF), (4) air-borne particle abrasion with 50-mu m alumina particles (Al2O3), (5) tribochemical silica coating (CoJet). Following, the specimens were divided into three subgroups according to universal adhesive applied: Clearfil Universal Bond (CU; Kuraray), Prime&Bond Universal (PBU; Dentsply Sirona), or Single Bond Universal (SBU; 3M ESPE). A nanofill composite (Filtek Ultimate; 3M ESPE) was employed as a repair. Bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 h at 37 degrees C or thermal aged, then subjected to the mu TBS test. Additionally, specimens were analyzed with a contact profilometer and were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Control and PA treatments were showed the lowest mu TBS (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between these two groups (p > 0.05). Al2O3 and CoJet treatments generally exhibited a similar influence on mu TBS values. In addition, a correlation was found between surface roughness and bond strength (r = 0.831). CoJet resulted in significantly higher repair mu TBS values when compared to the other surface treatments. In addition, the use of silane-containing universal adhesive was increased the cohesive failure rate and maintained the repair mu TBS values after thermocycling.