Innate and adaptive immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection: Biomolecular cellular markers and mechanisms

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dc.contributor.authorBrown, Brent
dc.contributor.authorOjha, Vanshika
dc.contributor.authorFricke, Ingo
dc.contributor.authorAl-Sheboul, Suhaila A.
dc.contributor.authorImarogbe, Chinua
dc.contributor.authorGravier, Tanya
dc.contributor.authorGreen, Michael
dc.contributor.authorPeterson, Lori
dc.contributor.authorKoutsaroff, Ivoyl P.
dc.contributor.authorDemir, Ayça
dc.contributor.authorAndrieu, Jonatane
dc.contributor.authorLeow, Chiuan Yee
dc.contributor.authorLeow, Chiuan Herng
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-24T10:17:42Z
dc.date.available2023-03-24T10:17:42Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentİstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, Uluslararası Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractThe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, other human coronaviruses (hCoVs) exist. Historical pandemics include smallpox and influenza, with efficacious therapeutics utilized to reduce overall disease burden through effectively targeting a competent host immune system response. The immune system is composed of primary/secondary lymphoid structures with initially eight types of immune cell types, and many other subtypes, traversing cell membranes utilizing cell signaling cascades that contribute towards clearance of pathogenic proteins. Other proteins discussed include cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), pleiotropic interleukins (IL), and chemokines (CXC). The historical concepts of host immunity are the innate and adaptive immune systems. The adaptive immune system is represented by T cells, B cells, and antibodies. The innate immune system is represented by macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and the complement system. Other viruses can affect and regulate cell cycle progression for example, in cancers that include human papillomavirus (HPV: cervical carcinoma), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV: lymphoma), Hepatitis B and C (HB/HC: hepatocellular carcinoma) and human T cell Leukemia Virus-1 (T cell leukemia). Bacterial infections also increase the risk of developing cancer (e.g., Helicobacter pylori). Viral and bacterial factors can cause both morbidity and mortality alongside being transmitted within clinical and community settings through affecting a host immune response. Therefore, it is appropriate to contextualize advances in single cell sequencing in conjunction with other laboratory techniques allowing insights into immune cell characterization. These developments offer improved clarity and understanding that overlap with autoimmune conditions that could be affected by innate B cells (B1(+) or marginal zone cells) or adaptive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and other pathologies. Thus, this review starts with an introduction into host respiratory infection before examining invaluable cellular messenger proteins and then individual immune cell markers.
dc.description.sponsorshipBiochem123 Ltd.en_US
dc.identifier.citationBrown, B., Ojha, V., Fricke, I., Al-Sheboul, S. A., Imarogbe, C., Gravier, T. ... Leow, C. H. (2023). Innate and adaptive immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection: Biomolecular cellular markers and mechanisms. Vaccines, 11(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020408
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/vaccines11020408
dc.identifier.issn2076-393X
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.pmid36851285
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85150718971
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020408
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12511/10689
dc.identifier.volume11
dc.identifier.wos000941325300001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.institutionauthorAl-Sheboul, Suhaila A.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofVaccinesen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectB-Cells
dc.subjectNeutrophils
dc.subjectDendritic Cells
dc.subjectT-Cells
dc.subjectNK-Cells
dc.subjectMonocytes
dc.subjectMacrophages
dc.subjectInnate
dc.subjectAdaptive
dc.subjectCytokines
dc.subjectChemokines
dc.subjectAdhesion Molecules
dc.subjectAntibody
dc.subjectCluster of Differentiation
dc.subjectReceptors
dc.subjectProteins
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectSerology
dc.titleInnate and adaptive immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection: Biomolecular cellular markers and mechanisms
dc.typeReview Article

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