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Öğe An investigation on gamma-ray shielding properties of quaternary glassy composite (Na2Si3O7/Bi2O3/B2O3/Sb2O3) by BXCOM and MCNP 6.2 code(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Akçalı, Özgür; Çağlar, Mustafa; Toker, Ozan; Bilmez, Bayram; Kavanoz, Hüseyin Birtan; İçelli, OrhanAnalytic and stochastic methods were proposed for the determination of gamma-ray radiation shielding properties of the glassy composites. Radiation shielding properties such as mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, effective electron numbers, build-up factors (exposure build-up factors and energy absorption build-up factors) can be determined with these techniques. A versatile quaternary composite was studied with different mass ratios in order to optimize the gamma radiation attenuation. Exposure build-up factors (EBFs), energy absorption build-up factors (EABFs), effective atomic numbers (Z(eff)) and effective electron densities (N-eff) were calculated via BXCOM. Furthermore, MCNP transport code, version of 6.2, was used to simulate the mass attenuation coefficients (mu/rho) and the half-value layers (HVLs) of the composites. Since they are compatible, simulation and BXCOM results denote that these methods can be used to determine the radiation shielding parameters for the glassy composites for which there are no satisfactory experimental values available. All in all, the optimum mass ratio, having the highest radiation attenuation, was determined as [Na2Si3O7/Bi2O3(65/35)/B2O3(2)/Sb2O3(11)], so that glassy composite might be preferred as a radiation shield in various applications. The quaternary glassy composites investigated in this study, performs better than ordinary concrete, getting close to pure lead as a radiation shield.Öğe Radiation interaction parameters for blood samples of breast cancer patients: an MCNP study(Springer, 2019) Toker, Ozan; Çağlar, Mustafa; Öz, Ersoy; Bakirdere, Sezgim; Topdağı, Ömer; Eyecioğlu, Önder; İçelli, OrhanThe main goal of this study was to determine radiation interaction parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, and effective electron densities depending on element concentrations (Na, K, Cu, Zn, Al, Ca, Mg Cr, Fe, Se) in blood samples of patients with breast cancer. Eighty blood samples were collected and analyzed in this study (40 from breast cancer patients and 40 from healthy patients). The determination of element concentrations of the samples was performed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after which the element concentrations were normalized to percentage. Mass attenuation coefficients were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation method. In addition, effective atomic numbers and effective electron density values of the blood samples were calculated with the ZXCOM program. One of the most important results of this study is that differences in radiation interaction parameters between the two groups were observed. More specifically, the mass attenuation coefficients of the healthy group's blood samples were higher than those of the cancerous group at photon energies of 50 keV, 100 keV, 250 keV and 500 keV, while they were lower at 1 MeV. All the MCNP results were consistent with the results obtained from ZXCOM. As the main result of this study it is concluded that photon atomic parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density may be considered in cancer diagnosis or treatment modalities.Öğe Na2Si3O7/BaO composites for the gamma-ray shielding in medical applications: Experimental, MCNP5, and WinXCom studies(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Çağlar, Mustafa; Kayacık, Hande; Karabul, Yaşar; Kılıç, Mehmet; Güven Özdemir, Zeynep; İçelli, OrhanThe role of BaO in the glassy structured Na2Si3O7 was investigated in the context of gamma radiations shielding parameters in the study. The mass attenuation coefficient, half layer value, and mean free path of the Na2Si3O7/BaO composites were calculated experimentally for the photons with the energies of 81 keV and 356 key emitted from 133Ba point radioactive source. The same parameters were also calculated by Monte Carlo N-particle simulation (MCNP5) for the gamma photons which are emitted from Ba-133, (241)AM (TC)-T-99m, (LU)-L-177, Ir-192, and Cs-137 radioactive sources. The effective atomic number and effective electron density were determined by WinXCom software. Additionally, the scattered gamma photon intensity of the composites was realized for the energy of 364 key and compared with the most utilized radiation shielding material lead. It was concluded that the composite having the highest BaO additive exhibits the best gamma photon absorption ability at all energies investigated.Öğe A novel comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag/epoxy resin/antimony trioxide ternary composite as gamma ray shielding material by MCNP 6.2 and BXCOM(Elsevier, 2019) Kavanoz, Hüseyin Birtan; Akçalı, Özgür; Toker, Ozan; Bilmez, Bayram; Çağlar, Mustafa; İçelli, OrhanNew research on composite materials was proposed for both gamma ray shielding and fireproofing. When compared to concrete, composite materials show up higher shielding properties in the 0.015?MeV–15 MeV incident energy range. The composite was prepared with vanadium slag, epoxy resin and antimony-trioxide. Different ratios of ternary composite were investigated in order to determine the optimum ratio for shielding and anti-flame properties. Photon atomic parameters with shielding were determined by BXCOM and MCNP 6.2. BXCOM program determines the buildup factors (both EBF and EABF) in the 0.015–15?MeV energy range for up to 40 mean free path (mfp) penetration depth. It uses geometric progression (G-P) fitting method. The effective electron number () and the effective atomic number () were also obtained with the BXCOM software. Furthermore, parameters such as the mass attenuation coefficients , half-value layer (HVL) and tenth-value layer (TVL) were determined by MCNP 6.2 in order to confirm and compare with WinXCOM results. Obtained results may be concluded to have preferable shielding properties for the composite as an alternative to concrete. Antimony-trioxide (x=0.03), was found to exhibit the minimum EBF and EABF values, and is a convenient radiation shielding material. The Epoxy resin-vanadium slag and antimony-trioxide ternary glassy composite indicates better radiation shielding properties than concrete, but weaker than lead.Öğe Determination of Se, Cr, Mn, Zn, Co, Na, and K in blood samples of breast cancer patients to investigate their variation using ICP-MS and ICP-OES(Perkin - Elmer Corp., 2019) Toker, Ozan; Topdağı, Ömer; Bakirdere, Sezgin; Bursalıoğlu, Ertuğrul Osman; Öz, Ersoy; Eyecioğlu, Önder; Karabul, Yaşar; Çağlar, Mustafa; İçelli, OrhanThe aim of this study was to investigate the concentration changes of Se, Mn, Cr, Zn, Co, Na and K in blood samples of breast cancer patients. Determination of the elements was performed using ICP-MS and ICP-OES instruments. Kolmogorov- Smirnov normality tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Independent sample T tests and Spearman’s rank correlation tests were performed for statistical comparisons. It was found that the concentrations of Na and K in breast cancer patients were higher than for healthy people. The Se, Mn, and Cr concentrations were found to be lower in patients with breat cancer. No increase/decrease in Zn concentrations between the two groups was observed. A positive correlation was found between the distribution of Zn and K elements. Independent sample t and Mann- Whitney U tests demonstrated that statistical differences were observed between patients having the diagnosis of breast cancer and healthy people in terms of the concentrations of Se, Cr and Na. The results presented in this study will contribute to the literature by showing the relationship between breast cancer and element concentrations.Öğe BXCOM: A software for computation of radiation sensing(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Eyecioğlu, Önder; El-Khayatt, Ahmed Mahmoud; Karabul, Yaşar; Çağlar, Mustafa; Toker, Ozan; İçelli, OrhanThe main objective of this work is to develop user-friendly software, called BXCOM, for computation of the exposure build-up factor (EBF) and the energy absorption build-up factor (EABF), using geometric progression (G-P) fitting method for element, compound or mixture in the energy region 0.015-15 MeV, and for penetration depths up to 40 mean free path (mfp). Furthermore, BXCOM can generate the equivalent atomic number and five fitting parameters used in the G-P method for mixtures and compounds over an interval of photon energies extended from 0.015 to 15 MeV. In addition, the program is designed to calculate the effective atomic number and effective electron number via the direct method. BXCOM program has been verified by comparing its results with approved data by American National Standards Institute. BXCOM runs under MS Windows (R) operating system. It has an improved user interface that provides examination of material's radiation interaction parameters. Finally, BXCOM allows rapid and reliable calculation of many gamma-ray interaction parameters such as , , , G-P fitting parameters and build-up factors that are essential in a wide range of applications such as radiation shielding, radiotherapy, technology and so on.Öğe Dielectric and gamma shielding properties of sodium silicate glassy structure modified with tungsten(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Kılıç, Mehmet; Çağlar, Mustafa; Karabul, Yaşar; Güven Özdemir, Zeynep; İçelli, OrhanIn this study, (x)%Na2Si3O7/(100 - x)%W glassy structured composites where x = 100, 25 and 60 were prepared for the investigation of their dielectric and gamma-ray shielding properties for the first time. The surface morphology of the samples was imaged by Scanning Electron Microscope. The room temperature complex impedance and dielectric function analysis of the samples revealed that the Na2Si3O7/40%W composite has a promising potential for the decoupling capacitor and electromagnetic shielding applications. From this point of view, the gamma-ray shielding performance of the samples including pure Na2Si3O7 was tested by Ba-133 radioactive point source for transmission of the gamma rays at 81 and 356 keV photon energies. The mass attenuation coefficients (mu/rho) of the composites were measured at these energies by using NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The experimental half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL) and mean free path (lambda) were also calculated. The theoretical values of the (mu/rho), HVL, TVL and lambda were determined by using Monte Carlo N-Particle simulation code and WinXCom for the comparison. A good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results for the gamma-ray shielding parameters was obtained. While the mass attenuation coefficient increased considerably with an increasing tungsten concentration doping, it decreased with increasing gamma-ray energy. It was observed that the mass attenuation coefficient of Na2Si3O7/40%W composite is higher than that of lead at 81 keV. In addition, HVL, TVL and lambda parameters were found to decrease with increasing W doping. Since there is a good agreement between MNCP results and experimental data, the gamma radiation shielding performance of the samples for some low and high energetic gamma-ray sources such as Am-241, I-131, Cs-137 and Co-60. Ultimately, Na2Si3O7/40%W composite can be suggested as a new alternative non-toxic radiation shielding material for low energetic gamma rays.
