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Öğe Inequality in genetic healthcare: bridging gaps with deep learning innovations in low-income and middle-income countries(Elsevier, 2024) Siddiqui, Mohd Faizan; Mouna, Azaroual; Villela, Ricardo; Kalmatov, Roman; Boueri, Myriam; Bay, Sadık; Kurbanaliev, AbdikerimThe field of genomics is progressing via a scientific framework that significantly depends on the analysis and interpretation of large datasets. The development of advanced data creation methods in genomics has resulted in a flood of genetic data. Abundant knowledge of genetic data has enabled artificial intelligence, especially deep learning approaches, to be extremely beneficial in revealing significant discoveries and patterns. On the other hand, in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the lack of clinical genetic resources and restricted access to genetic screening programs increases children's and families' risk of delayed diagnosis. This chapter emphasizes development and utilization of deep learning methodologies in various facets of human genomics to address global health challenges. This necessitates the implementation of screening and risk assessment measures at the point of care, tailored to the specific local, economic, and sociocultural circumstances of LMIC's populations.Öğe Volumetric analysis of brain parts using magnetic resonance imaging(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2024) Alkan, Işınsu; Deniz, Ömür Gülsüm; Kaplan, Arife Ahsen; Tüfekçi, Kıymet KübraMorphological, comparative, and experimental studies are focusing on obtaining more effective and accurate data from a particular tissue. Estimation of volume is a crucial activity for biomedical sciences, and one that increases the reliability of the collected data. An alteration in volume provides clues to the health of an organ. The volume and surface area of the brain are important parameters, particularly in the investigation of cerebral functions. Increasing numbers of studies have recently focused on the brain. It is crucially important to know the volume and anatomic features of the affected structure, particularly in terms of diagnoses affecting the central nervous system. Imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are frequently used for this purpose. Quantitative data can be obtained by using the efficient and unbiased methods provided by stereological techniques and software such as ImageJ, OsiriX, and BrainSuite. Quantitative measurements reveal variations among species more clearly and permit more definite diagnoses in the medical field. These measurements can also be stored, transported, and analyzed more easily than qualitative data. The present review discusses various techniques for determining brain volume on radiological images.Öğe Replating protocol for human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes(Humana Press Inc., 2022) Koç, Arzuhan; Çağavi, EsraHuman induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) create an unlimited cell source for basic and translational cardiac research. Obtaining hiPSC-CM culture as a single-cell, monolayer or three-dimensional clusters for downstream applications can be challenging. Thus, it is critical to develop replating strategies for hiPSC-CMs by evaluating different enzymatic or nonenzymatic reagents for dissociation and seeding on different coating materials. To reseed hiPSC-CMs with high viability and at structures desirable for the downstream applications, here we defined optimized protocols to dissociate hiPSC-CMs by using collagenase A&B, Collagenase II, TrypLE, and EDTA and reseeding on various matrix materials including fibronectin, laminin, imatrix, Matrigel, and Geltrex. By the replating methods described here, a single cell or cluster-containing hiPSC-CM cultures can be generated effectively.Öğe Revealing nervous and cardiac system interactions by iPSC-Based platforms(Elsevier, 2022) Mutlu Burnaz, Özlem; Çağavi, EsraCardiac function is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. In exchange, the sensorial information from the heart is relayed to the brain via sensory neurons as a crucial modulatory feedback mechanism. Cardiovascular and neurological diseases constitute the majority of deaths globally. The high morbidity associated with cardiac and neurological disorders is mostly due to the limited number of targeted therapeutics. Moreover, many new drug candidates are withdrawn from clinical use due to cardiotoxicity or neurotoxicity. Previously, experimental animal models, biopsy materials, or immortalized cell lines were the basis of disease studies and drug screens. However, the differences between these models and human physiology particularly in neural and cardiac functions resulted in limited clinical success. To overcome the complications related to the organism mismatch and cell source, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide ways to investigate molecular mechanisms in embryonic, adult, and diseased states. hiPSC-derived cardiac cells and various neuron subtypes could replicate complex interactions in the physiologically relevant organoids or multiorgan microdevices. Using these novel technical developments, recent models of neuronal regulation of heart tissue started to provide unique insights in systemic interactions and molecular basis to develop more precise therapeutic approaches. In this chapter, a brief historical perspective and recent advances in iPSC-based models of cardiac and nervous system interactions are reviewed.
