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Öğe Juniperus sp.(CRC Press, 2023) Aslan Erdem, Sinem; Ekşi Bona, GülnurJuniperus species, generally known as “ardıç" in Turkey, are represented by eight species and nine taxa in three sections. Juniperus species have long been used traditionally, especially for rheumatism, gallstones, asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, and cold. Berries, tar prepared from the plant, seeds, and sometimes shoots of the plant have been used medicinally due to their secondary metabolites, promising therapeutic properties, and inspiration for new drug developments. Several bioactivity studies were also undertaken, particularly those related to traditional usage, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, etc.; the tested extracts proved to be moderately to significantly active. Essential oil and diterpenes are the main secondary metabolites, followed by flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, coumarins, fatty acids, sterols, tannins, sesquiterpenes, and triterpenes. Despite their traditional use, phytochemistry and bioactivity studies on Juniperus species. Consequently, phytochemistry and bioactivity studies on Juniperus species are limited. Additional research is required to elucidate the structure-activity relationships and/or the action mechanisms.Öğe Nanotechnology in nutraceuticals delivery for the prevention and treatment of cancer(Apple Academic Press, 2023) Eyüpoğlu, Ozan Emre; Saleem, KalsoomNanotechnology has received significant progress in the field of oncology in recent years. Nanomedicine is at the forefront to limit the shortcomings associated with traditional or conventional chemotherapeutic agents and chemotherapies. Nutraceutical delivery through nanotechnology has made great advancement in the field of oncology. Nutraceuticals are any food containing substances that have some medicinal benefits. They prevent the cancer progression by different mechanisms and are delivered to their target cancer cells without causing harm to healthy/normal cells. There have been multiple implications and advancement to the use of nanotechnology in delivering nutraceuticals to prevent and treat cancer. Nanotechnology-based formulations that include different kinds of polymeric, lipid and inorganic formulations have been explored to enhance nutraceuticals' bioavailability and anticancer potential. To exploit their full potential, further preclinical and clinical studies are required to be carried out.Öğe Chronobiological efficacy of combined therapy of pelargonium sidoides and melatonin in acute and persistent cases of COVID-19: A hypothetical approach(Springer, 2023) Taner, Neda; Haskoloğlu, İsmail Celil; Erdağ, Emine; Mercan, Merve; Chuckwunyere, Ugochukwu; Ülker, Damla; Şehirli, Ahmet Özer; Abacıoğlu, NurettinSince the outbreak of the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in China, pharmacists have rapidly engaged and developed strategies for pharmaceutical care and supply. According to the guidelines of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), clinical pharmacists/hospital pharmacists, as members of care teams, play one of the most important roles in the pharmaceutical care of patients with COVID-19. During this pandemic, many immuno-enhancing adjuvant agents have become critical in addition to antivirals and vaccines in order to overcome the disease more easily. The liquid extract obtained from the Pelargonium sidoides plant is used for many indications such as colds, coughs, upper respiratory tract infections, sore throat, and acute bronchitis. The extract obtained from the roots of the plant has been observed to have antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. In addition to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, melatonin plays a role in suppressing the cytokine storm that can develop during COVID-19 infection. Knowing that the severity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms vary within 24 hours and/or in different time periods indicates that COVID-19 requires a chronotherapeutic approach. Our goal in the management of acute and long COVID is to synchronize the medication regimen with the patient’s biological rhythm. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the existing and emerging literature on the chronobiological use of Pelargonium sidoides and melatonin during acute and prolonged COVID-19 episodes.Öğe Bioactive compounds in the management of nutritional disorders(Elsevier, 2022) Odoh, Uchenna Estella; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Onyegbulam, Chukwuma Micheal; Palai, Santwana; Eyüpoğlu, Ozan Emre; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Olaniyan, Olugbemi Tope; Onyekere, Peculiar Feenna; Yasmin, Iqra; Nwafor, Felix IfeanyiSome diseases do not arise as a consequence of exposure to any microbial, chemical, or environmental agent. They are caused by biochemical processes inside us, which are connected directly or indirectly to our nutrition. They may be caused by excess or lack of proper nutrition, system failure, or system overactivity. Apart from functioning as a source of nutrients, food can impact well-being and disease prevention or progression in humans. Bioactive compounds are chemical entities of biological origin that affect human health. This chapter reviews the sources, chemistry, pharmacological activities, and uses/nutritional importance of bioactive compounds in nutritional diseases from the available literature. There are many chemical compounds contained in human food that affect human health. Some human diseases can be treated or ameliorated by the consumption of foods rich in certain chemicals of biological origin. Human well-being and disease prevention or progression can be positively or negatively influenced by food.Öğe Evaluation of the in vivo preclinical toxicity of targeted nanoparticles(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Ceylan, Cengizhan; Tatlıp?nar, Mücteba Eşref; Tüccar, Sinem; Omurtag, Gülden Zehra; Akbuğa, Fatma JülideDrug delivery systems include nanoparticles (NPs), nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, nanoliposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, nanogels, polymeric micelles, and solid lipid NPs. Although the drug-based research of nanotechnology has existed for some time, nanotoxicology (the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials) has only recently been a subject of study in pharmacology. The toxicity of nanocarrier systems covers physicochemical, physiological, and molecular matters. If the NP translocates into the nucleus, direct interaction between NPs and DNA molecules or related proteins may cause physical damage to the genetic material. NPs can affect the fetus in different ways: First, via the direct effect of particle translocation through the placenta and second, the indirect effect of inducing placental dysfunction or activating inflammation or oxidative stress in the mother. Acute toxic class method provides information about risk assessment for short-term exposure to a test chemical through inhalation.Öğe Rational use of chemotherapeutic agents(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Umar, ?Rashida Muhammad; Algorane, ImanRational drug use can be defined as the most appropriate use of drugs for particular clinical needs, in doses necessary for an individual patient, for an adequate duration, and at the possible lowest cost. Cancer patients undergo series of complex treatment regimens to treat and manage the disease, and encounter treatment-related complications as well as they present comorbidities. The cost of medications has a large burden on the health care system. Rational use of all drugs in this context becomes a priority in order to provide the best therapeutic outcomes with minimum damage to patients, their families and the community as a whole. The toxicity and narrow therapeutic index of most antineoplastic medications and some palliative care drugs make patient-based dosing a critical issue in oncology. Pharmacists are one of the main branches of the health care system. In most health care systems, they are responsible for the supply and preparation of chemotherapy agents and other medications. They provide medication management services and provide health care professionals, patients and families with all necessary drug information that will improve patients' therapeutic outcomes and quality of life. Pharmacists well-trained in oncology help to achieve rational use of medications and reduce the incidence of harm to the patient.Öğe The role of pharmacists in palliative care(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Umar, ?Rashida MuhammadPalliative care is an interdisciplinary medical specialty that focuses on prevention and relief of suffering, and supporting the patients with serious and/or life-threatening illnesses and their families for provision of the best possible quality of life. The World Health Organization identifies palliative care as a crucial part of integrated, people-centered health services (IPCHS). Palliative care offers a support system not only to help patients live as actively as possible but also to assist families and caregivers to cope with the impact of the patient's illness (Kuruvilla et al. 2018). Palliative care, aiming to relieve patients' physical, psychological, social, or spiritual suffering may be needed and integrated at all levels of health care and it is appropriate for all patients with serious illnesses. Although, pharmacists' role in patient care is mostly described as a resource and support for physicians rather than an independent contributor to the multidisciplinary team, this is not always the case. While pharmacists are rarely mentioned as part of the palliative care team, they can provide a significant role in palliative care by integrating their knowledge of drug therapy management through medication review, optimization of patient care and improving quality of life. They can also provide useful drug information to other members of the team. Studies carried out to evaluate the role of pharmacists' participation in palliative care have consistently shown positive results. Palliative care being a specialty requires trained and skilled personals. Training is crucial for pharmacists that will be involved in providing palliative care.
