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Öğe Social change and subjectivity in Turkey(İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, 2019) Numanbayraktaroğlu, SevdaNotwithstanding the long-lasting social scientific interest in social change and subjectivity, only a handful of studies focus on the actual processes of the relationship. This research explores these processes through a vignette-based survey research of the permeation of the Western ideal of individualism, persistence of traditional family orientation, and presence of alternative moral/agentive orientations within Turkish society. Results indicate socioeconomic status, education, and religiosity as the chief mediating factors of the constitution of subjectivity in Turkey. Interpretation of these results in relation to Turkish sociohistorical transformation provides insight into the personal dimensions of globalization: the diffusion of Western values in Turkish context begins from the better educated, upper strata of the society. The analysis emphasizes active participation in the novel system as an important component of transformation of subjectivity and assesses the role of individuals in social change.Öğe Intergroup tolerance leads to subjective morality, which in turn is associated with (but does not lead to) reduced religiosity(Sage Publications Ltd., 2020) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bahçekapılı, Hasan Galip; Harma, Mehmet; Sevi, BarışAlthough the effect of religious belief on morally relevant behavior is well demonstrated, the reverse influence is less known. In this research, we examined the influence of morality on religious belief. In the first study, we used two samples from Turkey and the United States, and specifically tested the hypothesis that intergroup tolerance predicts a shift in meta-ethical views toward subjective morality, which in turn predicts decreased religious belief. To examine the relationship between intergroup tolerance and religiosity via subjective morality, a structural equation model (SEM) was run. SEM results yielded good fit to the data for both samples. Intergroup tolerance positively predicted subjective morality, and in turn, morality negatively predicted religiosity. The bias-corrected bootstrap analysis confirmed the mediation, indicating that the association between intergroup tolerance and religious belief was mediated via subjective morality. In Study 2, we probed for the causal relationship, and the results showed that manipulating intergroup tolerance increases subjective morality, but does not influence religiosity. Therefore, we found only partial evidence for our proposed model that tolerance causally influences subjective morality, but not religiosity.
