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Öğe Öğe The effects of ajwain (trachyspermum copticum l.) in opioid withdrawal syndrome: a narrative review(2024) Tashakori Miyanroudi, Mahsa; Amiri, Maryam Sefidgarnia; Shourmasti, Armita Alaedini; Shourmasti, Kamaledin AlaediniBackground and purpose: Addiction and dependence on substances in modern societies is a common phenomenon and one of the main causes of people's disability and also reducing their quality of life. In the past years, researchers have proposed different treatment methods for the treatment of opioid use disorders, the most important of which are treatment with agonist drugs such as methadone, buprenorphine, and opium tincture (opium syrup). Stopping the use of these drugs is associated with symptoms called opioid withdrawal syndrome, which can include things like diarrhea, pain in the limbs, sweating, heart palpitations, anxiety, stress, runny nose, and restlessness. Research has shown that some medicinal plants can be somewhat effective in reducing the mentioned symptoms. Among these, the Ajwain plant has received much attention due to its frequent consumption in Iran and its significant effects in reducing the symptoms mentioned above in other diseases. Ajwain is a one-year plant whose most important compounds include thymol, carone, limonene, and dilapiol, and among these phenolic compounds are the main components of this plant, which are responsible for its bioactive properties. Therefore, we tried to introduce its effectiveness in this review study, emphasizing the capabilities of this plant in the treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome. Materials and methods: This study is a research of the narrative review type in which the information sources used were selected and included in the survey from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases-during the last 23 years. Keywords Ajwain, addiction, morphine, naloxone, methadone, and withdrawal syndrome were searched in the mentioned databases. Finally, the selected articles have been evaluated and the results have been summarized and reported in tabulated format. Results: The results of this study have shown that the use of herbal medicine can be effective in reducing dependence and also in reducing the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome. In addition, several studies have shown that plants that have a high percentage of thymol in their composition can significantly reduce the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome by affecting the serotonergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and adrenergic systems. The mechanism of the thymol effect in Ajwain can be attributed to sodium channel inhibition chloride channel stimulation and increased expression of GABA A receptors. Conclusion: Since the opioid withdrawal syndrome is considered a determining factor for the continued use of opioids and relapse, it seems that less dangerous solutions should be sought to treat the complications caused by the opioid withdrawal syndrome. The results of the current review study have also shown the effective role of herbal medicine in controlling the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, due to the importance of the topic, its wide application, easy access in the geography of Iran, and the cost-effectiveness of this medicinal plant, it is suggested to conduct further studies in this field.Öğe Evaluation of sars-cov-2 antibody levels in pharmacists and pharmacy staff following corona vaccination. (vol 20, pg 347, 2023)(2024) Ünal, Güneş; Sezgin, Simla Dilara; Sancar, Mesut[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Exosomes as drug delivery system(Istanbul Medipol University, 2024) Akbuğa, Fatma Jülide[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of current drug treatments on the clinical outcomes of paediatric spinal muscular atrophy type 1: A systematic review(Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Al-Taie, Anmar; Köseoğlu, AygülSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe hereditary lower motor neuron disorder characterised by degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, resulting in progressive weakness and paralysis of proximal muscles. A systematic literature search was carried out by using PRISMA guidelines and searching through different databases that could provide findings of evidence on the health outcomes of the approved therapies for the management of paediatric SMA type 1 regarding efficacy with follow-up in terms of motor and respiratory functions and the tolerability and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) post-treatment from real-world publications. Half of the publications (50%) had a prospective observational design. Eight studies (66.7%) assessed nusinersen, and three studies (25%) assessed onasemnogene abeparvovec with a duration of follow-up ranging from 6 months to 3 years to evaluate the motor and respiratory functions using different assessment tools, hospitalisation rates, and the tolerability and incidence of ADRs post-treatment. The three currently approved treatments for SMA type 1 provided good support and health outcomes in terms of motor function, respiratory outcomes, reduction of hospitalisations, and improvement of survival. Nevertheless, uncertainties regarding continued improvement after long-term illness and the generalizability of results are still unknown.Öğe Importance and review of drug metabolite synthesis(Istanbul University, 2023) Şahin, Zafer; Omurtag Özgen, Pınar Sinem; Rollas, SevimPhase I and Phase II metabolic reactions are involved in the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs after administration. These reactions mainly aim to make drugs more polar and eliminate them safely. However, some of these metabolites have the potential to exhibit a toxicological effect. Industry and/or academia have to consider these metabolites in terms of their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. These metabolites are not only residual intermediates from the synthetic process of the main drug but also unique structures produced by metabolic enzymes in the human organism. Thus, metabolite synthesis by synthetic or semi-synthetic methods is a key feature in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, synthetic methods of the metabolites from all known metabolic pathways are reviewed from the literature. It was observed that both synthetic and semi-synthetic methods require more attention as they are as important and complex as drug synthesis. Moreover, it showed that there was much more research available for Phase I than Phase II in the literature.Öğe A scoping review of traditional medicinal plants used to treat acne vulgaris in Türkiye(Elsevier Science Inc., 2023) Sarı, Fatma; Erarslan, Zeynep BüşraIntroduction: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological disorders, especially in adolescents. This study aimed to review medicinal plants used in the treatment of acne vulgaris in Turkiye which have comprehensive usage information.Methods: Ethnobotanical studies conducted in Turkiye from 1990 to 2023 were identified through PubMed, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and YOK National Thesis Center databases using standard keywords. Articles published in peer-reviewed journals, congress proceedings, and dissertations (gray literature) were included. The scientific, family, and local names; parts used; and the methods of preparation and application were extracted from 56 ethnobotanical studies. The most cited plant families, the most cited plant taxa, and the most frequently used plant parts were determined.Results: In total, 84 taxa belonging to 67 genera and 44 families were identified as medicinal plants used to treat acne vulgaris. The families with the highest number of plants were Asteraceae (9 taxa), Rosaceae (9 taxa), Amaryllidaceae (8 taxa), Brassicaceae (3 taxa), Hypericaceae (3 taxa), Lamiaceae (3 taxa), Papaveraceae (3 taxa), and Plantaginaceae (3 taxa). The most frequently cited medicinal plants and their corresponding number of references were Urtica dioica L. (7), Juglans regia L. (7), Laurus nobilis L. (5), Plantago major L. (5), and Malva sylvestris L. (4). It was determined that the leaves were the most frequently used parts of the medicinal plants, accounting for 36 %. Infusion (29 %) was the most commonly used preparation method. Furthermore, bioactivity studies of the most cited plants were also reviewed to evaluate their efficacy in acne vulgaris. Conclusions: This review has identified novel herbal products which may have potential for acne vulgaris treatment, although more preclinical and clinical studies are needed to confirm their activities.Öğe Use of aromatherapy in recent history and today(Istanbul Medipol University, 2023) Zeybek, Ahmet Ulvi[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Traditional usages of some medicinal plants for pediatric diseases(University of Ankara, 2023) Sarı, Fatma; Kültür, Şükran; Koçyiğit, MineObjective: Different types of pediatric diseases negatively affect the lives of many people, physically. Here, we aimed to document some medicinal plants used as traditional folk medicine in pediatrics treatment. Result and Discussion: 117 taxa and 53 families have been identified as traditional herbal medicines used in defined pediatric diseases. The most frequently used medicinal plant species according to the number of citations Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Juglans regia L., Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Rosa canina L., Mentha x piperita L., Matricaria chamomilla L. All findings are expected to form the basis for new pharmaceutical products and become a handbook for healthcare professionals.Öğe Clinical and demographic characteristics and two-year efficacy and safety data of 508 multiple sclerosis patients with fingolimod treatment (vol 60, pg 23, 2023)(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2023) Terzi, Murat; Helvacı, Elif Merve; Şen, Sedat; Boz, Cavit; Çilingir, Vedat; Akçalı, Aylin; Beckmann, Yeşim; Uzunköprü, Cihat; Sözer, Gökçe; Terzi, YükselCopyright of Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Noropsikiatri Arsivi is the property of Turkish Association of Neuropsychiatry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.Öğe Role of clinical pharmacists in post-COVID management(Istanbul Medipol University, 2023) Taner, NedaAs the world begins to emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a critical need for healthcare providers to focus on post-COVID management. Clinical pharmacists can play a vital role in this effort, as they possess unique skills and expertise in medication management, patient education, and collaborative care. One of the key challenges in post-COVID management is addressing the long-term effects of the disease, commonly known as long COVID. Clinical pharmacists can help by assessing and managing the pharmacological treatment of these chronic conditions, as well as monitoring for potential drug interactions and adverse effects. In addition, clinical pharmacists can provide education to patients and other healthcare providers about the proper use of medications and the importance of medication adherence. This is especially important in the post-COVID era, as many patients may have experienced disruptions in their healthcare during the pandemic and may need support to resume their medication regimens. Finally, clinical pharmacists can work collaboratively with other healthcare providers, such as physicians and nurses, to optimize medication therapy and ensure that patients receive the best possible care. This includes reviewing medication orders, monitoring drug therapy, and providing recommendations for dose adjustments or alternative treatments. In conclusion, clinical pharmacists are well-positioned to play a critical role in post-COVID management. By leveraging their unique skills and expertise, they can help to address the long-term effects of the disease, provide education to patients and healthcare providers, and work collaboratively to optimize medication therapy.Öğe CORRECTION to: Clinical and demographic characteristics and two-year efficacy and safety data of 508 multiple sclerosis patients with fingolimod treatment (Archives of Neuropysychiatry, 60, 23)(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2023) Terzi, Murat; Helvacı, Elif Merve; Şen, Sedat; Boz, Cavit; Çilingir, Vedat; Akçali, Aylin; Beckmann, Yeşim; Terzi, YükselThe name of the author Gökçe Sözer was mistakenly written as Gökçe Sezer. The correct name and institution are as follows.Öğe Herbal preparations used against fatty liver disease: Systematic review(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2022) Karadağ, Ayşe Esra; Demirci, FatihThe fatty liver disease is defined as more than 5% of liver histiocytes filled with fatty vacuoles, depending on diet and indepen- dent of alcohol consumption. As it is known, fatty liver and related dis- orders are common, but still have no effective treatment. It is one of the important health problems in developed countries, associated with social and economic problems. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common chronic metabolic disorders. It was observed that the prevalence of NAFLD has increased significantly worldwide in recent years. With advancing obesity epidemics, NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease both in adults and children. Therefore, the clinical and economic burden of the disease is remarkable and increasing within the health system. While fatty liver is a metabolic disorder that has no definite drug treatment today, there are some traditional preparations used for this purpose as ethnobotanically. According to ethnobotanical studies in the current lit- erature associated to liver diseases; various in vitro, in vivo, or clinical experimental studies were reported with successful results. Thus, in this present review, studies on natural sourced raw materials, herbal for- mulations related to liver diseases, especially fatty liver, obesity, hy- perlipidemia were compiled mainly from ethnobotanical origin.Öğe The potential chemo-preventive roles of Malus domestica against the risk of colorectal cancer: A suggestive insight into clinical application(Elsevier, 2022) Köseoğlu, Aygül; Al-Taie, AnmarBiologically active compounds in fruit-derived ingredients, particularly phytochemicals, have significant potential to modulate and mitigate many pathological processes in the development of disease conditions, including cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major public health issue. Nonetheless, prevention is an important step in lowering the rate of mortality from this cancer. Currently, the link between apple consumption and improved health is becoming remarkably evident and is reported to be beneficial for human health. Phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and other polyphenol compounds extensively available in apple fruits, have well-known positive effects on health outcomes and the potential to combat and prevent the development of CRC, including antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anticarcinogenic effects. This review describes the bioactive compounds derived from apple fruits, particularly the polyphenols and flavonoids, their proposed mechanisms responsible for their bioactive properties and health-promoting attributes that could provide potential chemo-preventive effects against the risk of CRC development. The conclusion of the review provides insights into the potential effects of apple-derived bioactive compounds and proposes the need for more clinical studies in large trials for future strategies regarding the valuable effects of apple phytochemicals, which might be therapeutic candidates in the campaign against CRC.Öğe Dual impact from coincide potential complications of cancer therapy and sarcopenia: A narrative review(Via Medica, 2022) Al-Taie, Anmar; Köseoğlu, AygülSarcopenia is a disorder of progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that is linked with multiple complications, decreased physical activity, lower quality of life and accelerated mortality rate. It is more common among cancer patients and identified with reduced tolerance by the toxic effects from cancer therapy, negative outcomes, lowered response and overall survival rate. This narrative review aims to demonstrate the dual impact from the co-occurrence of cancer therapy; chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and sarcopenia alongside the potential complications from their coincide effects on cancer prognosis. By searching through data sets, all articles that focused on sarcopenia and cancer therapy were collected in the indexed journals between the years 2000 and 2021 that could provide findings for the potential complications from the coinciding effects of cancer therapy and sarcopenia in cancer patients receiving chemo-radio- and immunotherapy. Outcome measures were the rate of studies showing potential complications from the co-occurrence of cancer therapies and sarcopenia. A total of hundred-two cohort studies were enrolled. The majority were about chemotherapy and sarcopenia (45%). About 56.9% of the studies designed as retrospective analysis, and a high proportion were about chemotherapy and sarcopenia (21.6%). About 63.7% of the studies reported skeletal muscle index as the primary marker. Lower than half of the reviewed studies revealed a significant increase in the rate of sarcopenia (47%). The direct toxic effects of chemotherapy on skeletal muscle were reported in 13.7% of the studies. Studies that reported the impact of sarcopenia on a reduction in chemotherapy cycles were about 10.8%. About 11.8% and 14.7% of the studies showed lowered overall survival by the coinciding impact of chemotherapy/radiotherapy and sarcopenia, respectively. In conclusion, the evaluation of sarcopenia in cancer patients should be considered a primary part of oncological care in cancer patients as there are potential complications and poor survival from the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and different cancer therapies.Öğe Synthesis of some 5,6-diaryl-1,2,4-triazine derivatives and investigation of their cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Ertaş, Merve; Biltekin, Sevde Nur; Berk, Barkın; Yurttaş, Leyla; Demirayak, ŞerefWithin this study, 20 2-[(5,6-diaryl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]-N-(benzo/thiazol-2-yl)acetamide derivatives (4a-4t) were synthesized and COX inhibitory activities of the compounds were investigated. Compounds 4k-4o, which have a 4-methoxyphenyl group within their structures, showed strong inhibitory activity on COX-2 enzyme, even compound 4k, namely 2-{[5,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]thio}-N-(thiazol-2-yl)acetamide exhibited higher selectivity on this enzyme (IC50:3.06 mu M). Molecular docking studies were performed for compound 4k on COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and the results were found to support the molecule's COX-2 selectivity.Öğe Phytochemical compounds loaded to nanocarriers as potential therapeutic substances for alzheimer’s disease-could they be effective?(Bentham Science Publishers, 2022) Polat, Derya Çiçek; Karadağ, Ayşe Esra; Parlar Köprülü, Rabia Edibe; Karantas, Ioannis D.; Mutlu, Gökçe; Çağlar, Emre Şefik; Okur, Mehmet Evren; Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan; Siafaka, Panoraia I.Alzheimer's disease accounts for a high percentage of dementia cases in elderly individuals. This type of brain disease is caused by damage to the brain cells affecting the ability of the patients to communicate, as well as their thinking, behavior, and feelings. Although numerous research laboratories focus on advancements in treating Alzheimer's disease, the currently approved pharmacological approaches seem to only alleviate the symptoms. Consequently, there is an urgent need for alternative pharmacological options that can prevent the progressive impairment of neurons. Natural substances were used in ancient times to treat various disorders given their biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Besides, their cost-effectiveness and accessibility to anyone who needs them are their most significant characteristics. Therefore, the possible use of phytochemical compounds for the possible management or even prevention of Alzheimer's disease is currently under investigation. This review article summarizes the present status of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and underlying mechanisms, the potential phytochemicals and their carriers, along with future perspectives. In the future, natural substances can play a role as an adjunct therapy for neurodegenerative forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease.Öğe Current status of mucoadhesive gel systems for buccal drug delivery(Bentham Science Publishers Ltd, 2021) Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan; Özcan Bülbül, Ece; Yağcılar, Ayşe Pınar; Siafaka, Panoraia IBackground: Buccal drug delivery is a fascinating research field. Gel-based formulations present potent characteristics as buccal systems since they have great physicochemical properties. Methods: Among the various gels, in situ gels are viscous colloidal systems consisting of polymers; when physiological conditions change (pH, temperature, ion activation), they are transformed into the gel phase. These systems can improve bioavailability. Other systems, such as nanogels or emulgels can also be applied for buccal delivery with promising results. Polymeric gel-based systems can be produced by natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymers. Their main advantage is that the active molecules can be released in a sustained and controllable manner. Several gels based on chitosan are produced for the entrapment of drugs demonstrating efficient retention time and bioavailability due to chitosan mucoadhesion. Besides polysaccharides, poloxamers and carbopol are also used in buccal gels due to their high swelling ability and reversed thermal gelation behavior. Results: Herein, the authors focused on the current development of mucoadhesive gel systems used in buccal drug delivery. After explaining buccal drug delivery and mucoadhesion, various studies with hydrogels, in situ gels, and nanogels were analyzed as buccal gel systems. Various mucoadhesive gel studies with mucoadhesive polymers have been studied and summarized. This review is presented as valuable guidance to scientists in formulating buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Conclusion: This review aimed to assist researchers working on buccal drug delivery by summarizing buccal drug delivery, mucoadhesion, and buccal mucoadhesive gel systems recently found in the literature.Öğe Kozmetik preparatlar ve kozmetik preparatlarda kullanılan bitkiler(Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş., 2020) Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan; Karadağ, Ayşe Esra; İpekçi, Esra; Bülbül, EceBitkilerden elde edilen ekstreler ve fitokimyasallar, geçmişten günümüze farmasötik ve kozmetik alanda kullanılan preparatların içeriğinde yer almışlardır. Özellikle kozmetik preparatlarda, son za-manlarda doğal içerikli ürünler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Kozmetikler, tarih boyunca insanlar için yaşamın vazgeçilmez bir parçası olmuştur. Koz-metik ürünlerde kullanılan kimyasal maddelerin günümüzde bilinen tehlikeli etkilerinden dolayı bitkisel içerekli doğal ürünlerin kullanımıgündeme gelmiştir. Sentetik kaynaklı ürünlerin keşfedilen bu yan etki-leri, pek çok alanda bitkisel kaynaklı doğal ürünlerin tercih edilmesini teşvik etmiştir. Geçtiğimiz yıllarda bilhassa kimyasalların yan etkileri bilinir hâle geldikten sonra, doğal kaynaklı bileşenlerin ve ekstrelerin kozmetik formülasyonlarda kullanımı artmıştır. Kozmetik endüstrisi de artan bu talebe kayıtsız kalmayarak, her geçen gün portföyüne yeni bir bitkisel içerikli kozmetik preparat katmaktadır. Bu derlemede kozme-tik preparatlar, bitkisel içerikli kozmetik ürünlere genel bakış konusu ve günlük hayatta yahut deneysel çalışmalarda kozmetik etkisi ispatlan-mış ve sıklıkla kullanılan bitkilerin etkileri genel olarak özetlenmiştir. Halk arasında bilinen kozmetik bitkisel karışımların ya da yalnızca drogların kullanımlarına değinilmiştir. Bununla beraber halk arasında kozmetik amaçlı kullanımı olmayan, ancak deneysel çalışmalarla koz-metik preparatlarda kullanım potansiyeli olan bitkilerden ve droglar-dan da bahsedilmiştir. Bu amaçla, çeşitli bitkiler üzerinde durulmuş ve bu bitkilerin hangi aktivite üzerinden hangi kozmetik amaçla kullanıl-dığından bahsedilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, gerek koruyucu gerekse ana bi-leşen olarak kullanılan bitkisel kaynaklı kozmetik içeriklerin kısa bir özeti çıkarılmıştır.Öğe Ophthalmic applications of SLN and NLC(Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2017) Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan; Homan Gökçe, EvrenBackground: The eyes are among the most readily accessible organs in terms of location in the body, yet drug delivery to eye tissues is particularly problematic. The anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the eye limit the ophthalmic delivery of drugs. Numerous strategies in ophthalmic drug delivery have been made to expand the bioavailability and to prolong the remaining time of drugs treated topically to eye.Methods: Designing a novel delivery vehicles that can proficiently target the diseased eye tissue, generate high drug levels, and keep sustained and effective concentrations with no or minimum side effects is the main concentration of present examination. One of the encouraging approaches currently is the use of lipidic nanoparticle vehicles categorized by a submicron-meter dimension. Due to their properties and numerous advantages, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructure lipid carriers are promising systems for ocular drug delivery.Conclusion: The focus of this review is on the recent developments in ophthalmic lipid nanoparticles, the rationale for their use, drug loaded SLNs and NLCs, and the characteristic advantages, limitations of this system and recent studies.
