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Öğe Therapeutic applications of melatonin in disorders related to the gastrointestinal tract and control of appetite(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Fard, Atousa Moghadam; Goodarzi, Pardis; Mottahedi, Mehran; Garousi, Setareh; Zadabhari, Hamed; Shahijan, Mohammad Kalantari; Esmaeili, Saeedeh; Nabi-Afjadi, Mohsen; Yousefi, BahmanMost animals have large amounts of the special substance melatonin, which is controlled by the light/dark cycle in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. According to what is now understood, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and other areas of the body are sites of melatonin production. According to recent studies, the GIT and adjacent organs depend critically on a massive amount of melatonin. Not unexpectedly, melatonin’s many biological properties, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-metastasis, and antiangiogenic properties, have drawn the attention of researchers more and more. Because melatonin is an antioxidant, it produces a lot of secretions in the GIT’s mucus and saliva, which shields cells from damage and promotes the development of certain GIT-related disorders. Melatonin’s ability to alter cellular behavior in the GIT and other associated organs, such as the liver and pancreas, is another way that it functions. This behavior alters the secretory and metabolic activities of these cells. In this review, we attempted to shed fresh light on the many roles that melatonin plays in the various regions of the gastrointestinal tract by focusing on its activities for the first time.Öğe Covid-19 tutulumu toparlanma sonrası hangi vücut sistemlerinde rehabilitasyon gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı derleme(Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, 2022) Yıldırım, Yasin; Yurdalan, S. UfukGiriş ve Amaç: 2019 yılı sonunda Çin’in Hubei eyaletindeki Wuhan şehrinde eş zamanlı olarak 54 viral pnömoni vakası görülmüş, ve yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda Coronaviridae ailesine ait yeni bir koronavirüs olan COVID-19 tanımlanmıştır. 11 Mart 2020’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. COVID-19'un temel semptomları ateş, öksürük ve miyaljidir. Diğer küçük semptomlar boğaz ağrısı, baş ağrısı, titreme, mide bulantısı veya kusma, ishal, tat duyusunun kaybolması ve konjunktival tıkanıklıktır. Özellikle pulmoner sistem etkilenmektedir. Pulmoner rehabilitasyonun akut tedavi aşamasında kullanılması gerektiği ile ilgili çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak virüsün pulmoner sistem dışındaki bulgularına ve uzun dönem bulgularına odaklanan çok sayıda çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı; COVID-19 sonrası hangi vücut sistemlerinin etkilendiğinin, kronik bulgularının ve hangilerinin rehabilitasyon kapsamına gireceğinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: İlgili yayınları belirlemek için PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus ve PEDro'da sistematik bir literatür taraması yapıldı. Veritabanı taramasına dahil olmak için yayınların İngilizce veya Türkçe yazılmış olması gerekiyordu. Anahtar terim olarak 'COVID-19', 'Post-COVID Sendromu' ve 'Uzun-COVID' anahtar terimleri ve ayrıca 'klinik semptomlar', 'pulmoner semptomlar', 'kardiyovasküler semptomlar', ‘nörolojik semptomlar’ ve ‘kognitif semptomlar’ ile ilgili farklı arama terimleri varyasyonları yer aldı. Bulgular: Pandeminin uzun dönem sonuçlarında birçok vücut yapısının etkileneceği gösterilmiştir. Etkilenen bu sistemlerin rehabilitasyon kapsamına gireceğini düşünmekteyiz. Ancak kronik semptomlara ve hasarlanan vücut sistemlerine odaklanan çalışma sayısının çok yetersiz olması kesin semptomların belirlenmesini güçleştirmektedir. Sonuç: Semptomların tam olarak belirlenebilmesi için virüsün uzun dönem etkilerine odaklanan daha çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.Öğe Should botulinum toxin a injections be repeated in children with cerebral palsy? A systematic review(Wiley, 2016) Kahraman, Aysu; Seyhan, Kübra; Değer, Ünal; Kutlutürk, Seval; Mutlu, AkmerAimThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of repeat botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) on the basis of a best evidence synthesis. MethodThis study included 13 original articles after searching the literature to retrieve information. We used the critical review form produced by McMaster University to determine the methodological quality of the studies, and then confirmed the levels of evidence from Sackett. The studies were also evaluated using the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health - Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). ResultsA total of 893 children with spastic CP who had been administered repeat BoNT-A injections were evaluated. The evidence level was II in four of the thirteen studies, III in four studies, and IV in five studies. The McMaster review form score was 14 in two studies, 13 in four studies, and 12 in seven studies. The results showed that repeat BoNT-A may be a safe and an effective approach. The first two injections/one repeat especially relieve spasticity and improve fine and gross motor activities. InterpretationFuture studies to investigate the effectiveness of repeat BoNT-A in children with spastic CP may be planned within the framework of the ICF-CY to include well-designed randomized controlled trials and those conducted on larger homogenous groups.Öğe Postoperative rehabilitation following thumb base surgery: A systematic review of the literature(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2018) Wouters, Robbert M.; Tsehaie, Jonathan; Hovius, Steven E. R.; Dilek, Burcu; Selles, Ruud W.Objective: To provide an overview of rehabilitation for patients who underwent first carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1) arthroplasty, with emphasis on early active mobilization. Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched. Study Selection: Articles written in English that described the postoperative regimen (including immobilization period/method and/or description of exercises/physical therapy, follow-up 6wk) on CMC-1 arthroplasty were included. Data Extraction: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was used as guidance in this review, and methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. Randomized studies were additionally scored using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Data Synthesis: Twenty-seven studies were included consisting of 1015 participants, in whom 1118 surgical procedures were performed. A summary of the components of postoperative rehabilitation used in the included studies of CMC-1 osteoarthritis is presented for different surgical interventions. We found that early active recovery (including short immobilization, early initiation of range of motion and strength exercises) provides positive outcomes for pain, limitations in activities of daily living, and grip and pinch strength, but comparative studies are lacking. Furthermore, 3 postoperative exercises/therapy phases were identified in the literature-the acute phase, the unloaded phase, and the functional phase-but again comparative studies are lacking. Conclusions: Early active recovery is used more often in the literature and does not lead to worse outcomes or more complications. This systematic review provides guidance for clinicians in the content of postoperative rehabilitation for CMC-1 arthroplasty. The review also clearly identifies the almost complete lack of high-quality comparative studies on postoperative rehabilitation after CMC-1 arthroplasty.
