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Öğe Clinical comparisons of different fixed orthodontic retainers(Dental Press International, 2022) Güneş, Recep Onur; Sayar, Gülşilay; Toygar, HilalObjective: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to compare the clinical outcomes of three different fixed lingual retainers, in terms of effects on periodontal health and success rate. Methods: Forty five patients aged 13 to 25 years were randomly assigned into three groups, using bonded upper and lower lingual retainers. The study groups were as follows: Group 1-BondA-Braid®, Group 2-everStick® ORTHO, Group 3-Super-Splint. The follow-up appointments were performed two weeks (Baseline=T0), one month (T1), three months (T2), and six months (T3) after the application of retainers. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), Bleeding in Probing (BOP) and Retainer Failure were assessed at each appointment. Results: The everStick Ortho group showed significantly lower PI values on the upper-lower lingual side after three (p=0.008) and six (p=0.001) months. The everStick Ortho group had significantly lower upper lingual (GI) levels after six months, and lower lingual side levels after one month. The Super-Splint group showed significantly lower PD values on the upper lingual side after six months. The everStick Ortho group presented significantly lower BOP levels after six months on the upper lingual side. No significant differences between the groups (p>0.05) in terms of retainer failure were found. Conclusions: The everStick Ortho group presented better results in terms of periodontal health. The failure rates of the retainers were similar.Öğe Oral and gut microbial profiling in periodontitis and parkinson's disease(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Yay, Ekin; Yılmaz, Melis; Toygar, Hilal; Balcı, Nur; Rivas, Carla Alvarez; Bolluk Kılıç, Başak; Zırh, Ali; Paster, Bruce J.; Kantarcı, AlpdoğanObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PA) alters the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome.MethodPatients with periodontitis with Parkinson's disease (PA+P) and without PA (P) and systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (HC) were enrolled. Clinical, periodontal and neurological parameters were recorded. The severity of PA motor functions was measured. Unstimulated saliva samples and stool samples were collected. Next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (V1-V3 regions) was performed.ResultsPA patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunction and comparable plaque scores as those without, indicating that oral hygiene was efficient in the PA+P group. In saliva, there were statistically significant differences in beta diversity between HC and PA+P (p = 0.001), HC and P (p = 0.001), and P and PA+P (p = 0.028). The microbial profiles of saliva and fecal samples were distinct. Mycoplasma faucium, Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) were increased in P; Prevotella pallens, Prevotella melaninogenica, Neisseria multispecies were more abundant in PA+P group, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Dialister succinatiphilus, Butyrivibrio crossotus and Alloprevotella tannerae were detected in fecal samples in P groups compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsNo significant differences were detected between Parkinson's and non-Parkinson's gut microbiomes, suggesting that Parkinson's disease modifies the oral microbiome in periodontitis subjects independent of the gut microbiome.Öğe Parkinson's disease is positively associated with periodontal inflammation(Wiley, 2023) Yılmaz, Melis; Yay, Ekin; Balcı, Nur; Toygar, Hilal; Bolluk Kılıç, Başak; Zırh, Ali; Rivas, Carla Alvarez; Kantarcı, AlpdoğanBackgroundParkinson's disease (PA) affects 1% of the global population above 60 years. PA pathogenesis involves severe neuroinflammation that impacts systemic and local inflammatory changes. We tested the hypothesis that PA is associated with periodontal tissue inflammation promoting a greater systemic inflammatory burden. MethodsWe recruited 60 patients with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis (P) with and without PA (n = 20 for each). We also included systemically and periodontally healthy individuals as controls (n = 20). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected to measure the inflammatory and neurodegenerative targets (YKL-40, fractalkine, S100B, alpha-synuclein, tau, vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurofilament light chain (NfL). ResultsParkinson's patients in this study had mild to moderate motor dysfunctions, which did not prevent them from performing optimal oral hygiene control. Periodontal parameters and GCF volume were significantly higher in the P and P+PA groups than in the control group. PA was associated with significantly increased bleeding on probing (BOP) compared to P-alone (p < 0.05), while other clinical parameters were similar between P and P+PA groups. In saliva and serum, YKL-40 levels were higher in the P+PA group than in P and C groups (p < 0.001). GCF NfL levels from shallow sites were significantly higher in the P+PA group compared to the C group (p = 0.0462). GCF S100B levels from deep sites were higher in the P+PA group than in healthy individuals (p = 0.0194). ConclusionThe data suggested that PA is highly associated with increased periodontal inflammatory burden-bleeding upon probing and inflammatory markers-in parallel with PA-related neuroinflammation.Öğe Parkinson’s disease alters the composition of subgingival microbiome(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Yay, Ekin; Yılmaz, Melis; Toygar, Hilal; Balcı, Nur; Alvarez Rivas, Carla; Bolluk Kılıç, Başak; Zırh, Ali; Paster, Bruce; Kantarcı, AlpdoğanAim: The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson’s disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome. Materials and Methods: Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Subgingival samples from healthy controls, periodontitis patients (PD), and Parkinson’s patients with periodontitis (PA+PD) were analyzed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for targeting 40 bacterial species typically associated with periodontal disease and health. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 regions) was performed to analyze the microbiome comprehensively. Results: Parkinson’s patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunctions. Bleeding on probing was significantly increased in the PA+PD group compared to PD (p < 0.05). With checkerboard analysis, PA was associated with increased Treponema socranskii (p = 0.0062), Peptostreptococcaceae_[G-6] [Eubacterium]_nodatum (p = 0.0439), Parvimona micra (p < 0.0001), Prevotella melaninogenica (p = 0.0002), Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum (p < 0.0001), and Streptococcus anginosus (p = 0.0020). Streptococcus intermedia (p = 0.0042), P.nodatum (p = 0.0022), P.micra (p = 0.0002), Treponema denticola (p = 0.0045), L.saburreum (p = 0.0267), P.melaninogenica (p = 0.0017), Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.0020), and T.socranskii (p = 0.0002) were higher; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.0072) was lower in deep pockets in the PA+PD compared to PD. Schaalia odontolytica (p = 0.0351) and A.actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.002) were lower; C.rectus (p = 0.0002), P.micra (p = 0065), Streptococcus constellatus (p = 0.0151), T.denticola (p = 0.0141), P.melaninogenica (p = 0.0057), and T.socranskii (p = 0.0316) were higher in shallow pockets in the PA+PD. Diversity decreased in PD (p = 0.001) and PA+PD (p = 0.026) compared to control, with minimal differences in alpha and beta diversities among PD and PA+PD based on NGS results. Conclusion: These data demonstrated that Parkinson’s disease modifies PD-associated subgingival microbiome.Öğe Salivary irisin level is higher and related with interleukin-6 in generalized periodontitis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Türkmen, Emrah; Uzun, Erdem Veli; Bozaba, Fuat; Balcı, Nur; Toygar, HilalObjectives: Irisin plays an important role in energy homeostasis, inflammation, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and it is shown to have relations with many inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to determine saliva and serum irisin and IL-6 levels in patients with stage III/grade B periodontitis compared with individuals with healthy periodontium. Materials and methods: Twenty patients with stage III grade B periodontitis (P) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (control; C) were included in this study. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Saliva and serum levels of irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were found significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared with controls (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between the periodontitis and control for serum irisin levels (p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between all periodontal parameters and salivary irisin and IL-6 (p < 0.05) and also between BMI and saliva and serum IL-6 (respectively; r = 0.530, r = 0.329, p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between salivary irisin and IL-6 (r = 0.369, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Monitoring of salivary irisin and IL-6 might be potential biomarker for predicting the susceptibility to periodontitis. Clinical relevance: Scientific rationale for the study: Irisin is a novel adipomyokine that has played an important role in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, immunity, and inflammation. Irisin is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting many body systems. IL-6, another adipomyokine, is a major inflammatory mediator and homeostatic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and is associated with periodontitis. No studies investigated the relationship between advanced periodontal disease, irisin, and IL-6 together. Principal findings: The salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher and positively correlated in patients with periodontitis relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased in patients with periodontitis. Practical implications: The study shows that irisin and IL-6 can be candidate salivary biomarkers for periodontitis and predict to periodontal status.Öğe Sirtuin6 and Lipoxin A4 levels are decreased in severe periodontitis(Springer, 2023) Çekici, Ali; Şahinkaya, Selin; Dönmez, Mehmet Fatih; Türkmen, Emrah; Balcı, Nur; Toygar, HilalObjective: Sirtuin6 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation, homeostasis, and apoptosis, and it has anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases. Lipoxin A4 is a pro-resolving lipid mediator of inflammation and inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Considering that Lipoxin A4 and Sirtuin6 have protective effects on inflammatory diseases, the aim of this study is to determine the possible roles of these molecules on periodontitis inflammation in saliva and serum and to reveal the relationship of these data with clinical periodontal parameters. Material and methods: A total of 20 stage III/grade B periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this cross-sectional study (all never smokers and systemically healthy). Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss) were recorded. Saliva and serum levels of Sirtuin6 and Lipoxin A4 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 levels were significantly lower in the periodontitis group than the control group (respectively, p = 0.0098, p = 0.0008). There were negative correlations between all periodontal clinical parameters and saliva Lipoxin A4 level (p < 0.05) and between probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and serum and saliva Sirtuin6 levels (respectively, r = ? 0.465 and r = ? 0.473, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Decreased levels of serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 in periodontitis patients and their correlation with clinical periodontal parameters suggest that serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 may be related with periodontal inflammation. Clinical relevance: Scientific rationale for the study: Sirtuin6 is one of seven members of the family of NAD + dependent protein that played an important role in the regulation of inflammation, energy metabolism, homeostasis, and apoptosis. Sirtuin6 is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases. Lipoxin A4 is a lipid mediator that inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, and it has an active role in the resolution of periodontal inflammation. No studies that investigated the potential role Sirtuin6 and its relationship with inflammation resolution and apoptosis mechanisms in severe periodontitis patients. Principal findings: the serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 levels were significantly lower and negatively correlated with clinical periodontal parameters in the patients with periodontitis than the healthy controls. Practical implications: this study shows that serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 may be candidate biomarkers related with periodontal inflammation and estimating to periodontal status. Clinical trial registration: NCT05417061.
