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    Alkol tüketim kültürü ve alkol araştırmaları ile alkol kontrol politikaları konusunda görüşler: Nitel bir araştırma
    (Turkish Green Crescent Society, 2018) Mercan, Sümeyye; Onaran, Öykü İzel; İlbak, Ayça; Atasoy, Hakan; Teloğlu, Emine Şeyda; Torun, Perihan; Hayran, Osman
    Araştırmanın amacı, alkollü içecekleri hiç kullanmamış, geçmişte kullanıp bırakmış ve hâlen kullanan kişilerin alkol tüketim kültürü, alkol araştırmaları ve alkol kontrol politikaları ile ilgili görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Nitel yöntemin tercih edildiği araştırmada, veriler yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmış ve tematik çerçeve analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre alkol, kullananlar tarafından bir rahatlama ve sosyalleşme aracı; kullanmayanlar tarafından ise mutsuzluk, huzursuzluk, çöküş ve günah olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Katılımcılar, kapalı toplum özelliği nedeniyle alkol araştırmalarında doğru yanıtlara ulaşılamayacağını ileri sürmüştür. Dolayısıyla alkol konusundaki araştırmaların devlet eliyle değil, fakat kurumsal bir kimliğe sahip kuruluşlarca yapılması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Araştırmalarda görev alacak anketörlerin objektif, tutum ve davranışlarıyla güven veren bireyler olmasının da büyük önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca katılımcılar, alkol kontrol politikası olarak toplumu alkolün zararları konusunda bilinçlendirmenin lüzumuna dikkat çekmişlerdir. Bu çerçevede uygulanacak yasaklamaların etkisiz kalacağını çünkü isteyen herkesin bir şekilde alkollü içeceklere erişebileceğini ve daha da önemlisi yasakların tüketimi cazip hâle getireceğini belirtmişlerdir. Bu nedenle kontrol politikalarının, yasakları değil sosyal uğraşlara yönlendirme yaklaşımını esas alarak düzenlenmesinin doğru olacağını savunmuşlardır. Sonuç itibarıyla yapılan araştırma, alkol tüketim kültürünü tarif eden çıktıların arka planı hakkında katılımcıların kendi ifadelerine dayanarak ciddi ipuçları sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma, toplumun hem alkol araştırmaları hem de alkol kontrol politikaları konusunda göz önünde tutulması gereken düşünce ve algılarını ortaya koymaktadır.
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    Health services management in Turkey: Failure or success?
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Bener, Abdulbari; Alayoğlu, Nihat; Çatan, Funda; Torun, Perihan; Şafak Yılmaz, Esra
    Background: The unfair distribution and delivery of health-care resources have been recognized as a problem in the worldwide. In the past 18 years, Turkey has undergone rapid social, cultural, and economic changes. The lifestyle and dietary habits of its people have also been changing, and the rates of diabetes, obesity, cancer, and other chronic diseases have increased dramatically over the past two decades. The health transformation program (HTP) has improved the Turkish health-care system since 2003. The main goal of HTP was to progress government, to provide equality between citizens, to give satisfaction to users and providers, and to subsidise the health-care system in Turkey. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess health-care services and health care quality delivery in the Republic of Turkey with special emphasis on governmental hospitals, university hospitals, primary healthcare centers (PHC) and to make comparison with low-, medium- and high-income countries. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study. The ministry of health Annual Reports, websites of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The World Fact Book, organization for economic cooperation and development report, Compendium of Health Statistics, the Google engine, and PubMed were searched for information about Turkey's health-care system and its history. Papers and websites in English were evaluated. There was no restriction on types of articles and sources. Results: Turkey has made outstanding reforms in health status in the last two decades, especially after the implementation of the HTP. The doctor's perception has more influence regarding consultation length and visit than the patient's. The results of consultations in volunteer practices in Istanbul showed that the mean and SD of the consultation length for the whole sample of 360 patients was 7.95 +/- 4.38, (with range = 3-25 min). Consultation time has been affected by the patients' diseases, genders that women got longer consultation time, medical practices at the urban or rural areas, and ages which older patients required longer consultation time. The current study revealed that increasing doctor's workload leads to decrease the length of consultations. Moreover, average life expectancy reached 75.3 for men and 80.7 for women in 2015. The infant mortality rate decreased to 10.7/1000 live births in 2015, down from 117.5 in 1980. The leading causes of death are diseases of the circulatory system followed by cancer. Conclusions: The Turkish health system and health-care delivery have been improved over the last decade. Still far from perfect, there is a particular planning to increase medical workforce in PHC including well-trained staffs for a specific area. An urgent need is to acquire more accurate and reliable data from hospital and PHC centers in Turkey. Additional some attempts should be made to assess quality of healthcare in relation to services and process.
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    Internet addiction, fatigue, and sleep problems among adolescent students: A large-scale study
    (Springer New York LLC, 2019) Bener, Abdulbari; Yıldırım, Erol; Torun, Perihan; Çatan, Funda; Bolat, Erkut; Alıç, Sümmani; Akyel, Salih; Griffiths, Mark D.
    The aim of the present study was to examine the association between Internet addiction (IA), fatigue, and sleep problems among university students. A total of 3000 Turkish students aged 18 to 25 years were approached and 2350 students (78.3%) participated in this cross-sectional study from April 2017 to September 2017 in public and private universities in Istanbul. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic details, lifestyle and dietary habits, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Fatigue Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Descriptive statistics, multivariate, and factorial analyses were performed. The overall prevalence of IA among the studied population was 17.7%. There were significant differences between gender, family income, father’s occupation, school performance, frequency and duration of watching television, physical activity, Internet use duration, and sleep duration (all p <0.001). Significant differences were also found between participants with IA and those without IA in having headaches, blurred vision, double vision, hurting eyes, hearing problems, and eating fast food frequently (all p <0.001). Using multivariate regression analysis, the duration of Internet use, physical and mental symptoms, headache, hurting eyes, tired eyes, hearing problems, and ESS scores were significantly associated with (and primary predictors of) IA. The present study demonstrated that IA was associated with poor dietary habits, sleep problems, and fatigue symptoms.