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Öğe Association of nox5 expression with sperm activity and motility in pathospermic infertile men(2024) Daylan, Benay; Tok, Olgu Enis; Çakıcı, Çağrı; Yiğitbaşı, Türkan; Varlı Yelke, Tuba; Şenel Ustabaş, Tuğba; Ayla, ŞuleBackground: The newest NOX isoform, NOX5, has been found in mammalian spermatozoa. Many physiological and pathological situations in spermatozoa are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX5 is the main source of ROS in spermatozoa. Our purpose was to investigate the changes in NOX5 expression and the effect of NOX5 expression on sperm motility, chromatin integrity, and oxidative status in oligoasthenozoospermic compared to normozoospermic men. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 30 normozoospermic (NS) and 30 oligoasthenozoospermic (OAS) men. NOX5 protein expression in sperm samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Oxidative stress status was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) parameters. Chromatin integrity in spermatozoa was evaluated by toluidine blue staining. Results: NOX5 expression levels were significantly higher in OAS group than in NS group (p<0.001). In addition, chromatin integrity was significantly higher in the OAS group in comparison to NS group (p<0.001). TAC levels were higher in the NS group, but OSI and TOC levels were significantly higher in OAS group (p<0.001). It was found that NOX5 protein expression was positively correlated with oxidative stress and chromatin integrity and negatively correlated with motility (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that overexpression of NOX5 may be the source of excessive ROS production and oxidative stress injuries in oligoasthenozoospermic men. Considering that NOX5 expression is positively correlated with oxidative stress and chromatin integrity but negatively correlated with motility, it can be considered a biomarker to be used in assisted reproductive procedures.Öğe Cannabidiol as a potential novel treatment for endometriosis by its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in an experimental rat model(Oxford University Press, 2022) Ökten, Sabri Berkem; Çetin, Çağlar; Tok, Olgu Enis; Güler, E. M.; İşlek, Sevde; Özcan, Pınar; Fıçıcıoğlu, Cem[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Cannabidiol as a potential novel treatment for endometriosis by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiangiogenic effects in an experimental rat model(Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Ökten, Sabri Berkem; Çetin, Çağlar; Tok, Olgu Enis; Güler, Eray Metin; Taha, Sevde Havva; Özcan, Pınar; Fıçıcıoğlu, CemResearch question: Can cannabidiol (CBD) be used in the treatment of endometriosis for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiangiogenic effects? Design: Endometrial implants were surgically induced in 36 female Wistar albino rats. After confirmation of endometriotic foci, the rats were randomized into four groups. In the leuprolide acetate group, rats were given a single 1 mg/kg s.c. leuprolide acetate injection. The other groups were 5 mg/kg CBD (CBD5), saline solution and 20 mg/kg CBD (CBD20); daily i.p. injections were administered for 7 days. After 21 days, the rats were euthanised, and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) measurements in blood and peritoneal fluid samples, and immunohistochemical staining for TNF-a, IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of endometriotic tissues were evaluated. Results: Significant reductions in the endometriotic implant surface area (P = 0.0213), serum TOS (P = 0.0491), OSI (P = 0.0056), IL-6 (P = 0.0236), TNF-a (P = 0.0083) and peritoneal fluid OSI (P = 0.0401), IL-6 (P = 0.0205) and TNF-a (P = 0.0045) concentrations were observed in the CBD5 group when compared with the saline solution group. Compared with the saline solution group, increased TAS concentrations in serum (P = 0.0012) and peritoneal fluid (P = 0.0145) were found in the CBD5 group. The CBD5 and leuprolide acetate groups were similar regarding inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters of serum and peritoneal fluid samples. The CBD5 group showed significantly lower mean intensity in both surface epithelium and stromal cells for VEGF (both P = 0.002) and only in surface epithelium cells for IL-6 (P = 0.0108), when compared with the leuprolide acetate group. Conclusion: Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiangiogenic effects, CBD might be a therapeutic agent candidate for endometriosis.Öğe Comparative effects of the antioxidant glutathione with metformin and Diane-35 on hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory indicators in a DHEA-induced PCOS rat model(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Coşar, Aslı; Özcan, Pınar; Tanoğlu, Fatma Başak; Tok, Olgu Enis; Özkara, Gülçin; Timur, Hikmet Tunç; Çetin, Çağlar; Neccar, DuyguObjective: Comparison of hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory markers of glutathione with metformin and Diane-35 in a rat model of PCOS induced by dehydroepiandrosterone.Methods: Twenty-five female rats were randomized into four groups. Group 1 was administered a subcutaneous dose of 0.2 ml saline/day. Group 2 was given 0.2 ml of 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/day orally for 28 days. A PCOS model was established with DHEA in rats. Group 3 was given 4.5 mg/kg/day of Diane-35 orally dissolved in 1% CMC for 28 days. Group 4 was given 300 mg/kg/day of metformin orally dissolved in 1 ml of saline for 28 days, and Group 5 was administered 100 mg/kg of glutathione intraperitoneally on days 35, 42, and 49. On day 56, the rats were sacrificed. Serum markers and follicle count were examined.Results: Serum IL-6, hs-CRP, insulin, testosterone, SHBG, and MDA values were significantly lower in the glutathione group than in the PCOS group (p = 0.0006, p = 0.023, p = 0.0082, p = 0.0007, p = 0.0048, and p < 0.0001, respectively).The number of all follicles was similar between the control and glutathione groups (p < 0.05). When we compared the other groups with the PCOS group, the number of primary, secondary, atretic, and cystic follicles was significantly lower in the metformin and glutathione groups. The number of primordial and antral follicles was significantly higher than in the PCOS group.Conclusions: Glutathione plays anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, similar to metformin, by lowering serum IL-6, insulin, testosterone, CRP, and MDA levels; decreasing atretic/cystic follicle count; and improving antral follicle count and folliculogenesis in PCOS patients.Öğe Comparison of 3 cell-free matrix scaffolds used to treat osteochondral lesions in a rabbit model(SAGE Publications Inc., 2022) Demir, Ahder İrem; Pulatkan, Anıl; Uçan, Vahdet; Yılmaz, Bengi; Tahmasebifar, Aydın; Tok, Olgu Enis; Tuncay, İbrahim; Elmalı, Nurzat; Öztürk, Burak Yağmur; Uzer, GökçerBackground: Various cell-free scaffolds are already in use for the treatment of osteochondral defects (OCDs); however, a gold standard material has not yet been defined. Purpose: This study compared the macroscopic, histological, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characteristics of Chondro-Gide (CG), MaioRegen (MA), and poly-d,l-lactide-co-caprolactone (PLCL) cell-free scaffolds enhanced with small-diameter microfractures (SDMs) for OCDs in a rabbit model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In total, 54 knees from 27 rabbits were used in this study. Three rabbits were sacrificed at the beginning of the study to form an intact cartilage control group (group IC). An OCD model was created at the center of the trochlea, and SDMs were generated in 24 rabbits. Rabbits with OCDs were divided into 4 groups (n = 12 knees per group) according to the cell-free scaffold applied: CG (group CG), MA (group MA), PLCL (group PLCL), and a control group (group SDM). Half of the rabbits were sacrificed at 1 month after treatment, while the other half were sacrificed at 3 months after treatment. Healed cartilage was evaluated macroscopically (using International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society [ICRS] classification criteria) and histopathologically (using modified O’Driscoll scores and collagen staining). Additionally, cell-free scaffold morphologies were compared using SEM analysis. Results: ICRS and modified O’Driscoll classification and staining with collagen type 1 and type 2 demonstrated significant differences among groups at both 1 and 3 months after treatment (P <.05). The histological characteristics of the group IC samples were superior to those of all other groups, except group PLCL, at 3 months after treatment (P <.05). In addition, the histological properties of group PLCL samples were superior to those of group SDM samples at both 1 and 3 months after treatment in terms of the modified O’Driscoll scores and type 1 collagen staining (P <.05). Concerning type 2 collagen staining intensity, the groups were ranked from highest to lowest at 3 months after treatment as follows: group PLCL (30.3 ± 2.6) > group MA (26.6 ± 1.2) > group CG (23.3 ± 2.3) > group SDM (18.9 ± 0.9). Conclusion: OCDs treated with enhanced SDM using cell-free PLCL scaffolds had superior histopathological and microenvironmental properties, more hyaline cartilage, and more type 2 collagen compared with those treated using CG or MA scaffolds. Clinical Relevance: OCDs treated with PLCL cell-free scaffolds may have superior histopathological properties and contain more type 2 collagen than do OCDs treated with CG or MA cell-free scaffolds.Öğe Culturing, freezing, processing, and imaging of entire organoids and spheroids while still in a hydrogel(Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2022) Tok, Olgu Enis; Demirel, Gamze; Saatçi, Yusuf; Akbulut, Zeynep; Kayalar, Özgecan; Aktaş, Ranan GülhanOrganoids and spheroids, three-dimensional growing structures in cell culture labs, are becoming increasingly recognized as superior models compared to two-dimensional culture models, since they mimic the human body better and have advantages over animal studies. However, these studies commonly face problems with reproducibility and consistency. During the long experimental processes-with transfers of organoids and spheroids between different cell culture vessels, pipetting, and centrifuging-these susceptible and fragile 3D growing structures are often damaged or lost. Ultimately, the results are significantly affected, since the 3D structures cannot maintain the same characteristics and quality. The methods described here minimize these stressful steps and ensure a safe and consistent environment for organoids and spheroids throughout the processing sequence while they are still in a hydrogel in a multipurpose device. The researchers can grow, freeze, thaw, process, stain, label, and then examine the structure of organoids or spheroids under various high-tech instruments, from confocal to electron microscopes, using a single multipurpose device. This technology improves the studies' reproducibility, reliability, and validity, while maintaining a stable and protective environment for the 3D growing structures during processing. In addition, eliminating stressful steps minimizes handling errors, reduces time taken, and decreases the risk of contamination.Öğe Effect of salvianolic acid B on new bone formation in the orthopedically expanded suture: A histological and immunohistochemical study(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc., 2021) Kayalar, Emre; Taş Deynek, Gül; Tok, Olgu Enis; Küçük, SevimObjectives: To determine the effects of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on new bone formation in the orthopedically expanded premaxillary sutures in rats.Materials and Methods: The sample consisting of Sprague Dawley rats (male, n = 14) was split in half by random selection: the experiment group (Sal B) and the control group. The premaxillary suture of each rat was expanded by bonding an open-loop spring to two maxillary incisors, each end to one tooth. A 5-day expansion period followed by a 12-day retention period was conducted. The 17-day intraperitoneal administration of Sal B was performed daily for the experiment group at a dose of 40 mg/kilo. The trial was completed after sacrificing the rats and dissection of the premaxillae for histological analysis. The amount of new bone, quantity of capillaries and intensity of inflammatory cells were histomorphometrically determined while the quantities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were determined immunohistochemically.Results: The Sal B group was significantly different from the control group and had greater quantities of new bone, capillaries, inflammatory cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.Conclusions: Salvianolic acid B displays a positive effect during premaxillary expansion with a greater number of capillaries potentially in association with higher bone formation and improved angiogenesis in rats.Öğe Effects of cichorium intybus on GABA(A) receptors and apoptosis in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in rats(Kare Publishing, 2021) Ergül Erkeç, Özlem; Meral, İsmail; Kara, Mehmet; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; Tok, Olgu Enis; Üstünova, Savaş; Armağan, MetinObjectives: This study was designed to determine the effects of Cichorium intybus (CI) on apoptosis and GABA(A) receptor density in the brains of rats in pentyleneterazole induced kindling. Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: Control group, pentylenetetrazol administered (PTZ) group, and PTZ+CI extract administered (PTZ+CI) group. Control group received only physiological saline (0.5 ml). PTZ (35 mg/kg) injected to the animals in the PTZ and PTZ+CI groups. The CI extract (200 mg/kg) was also administered to the PTZ+CI group. A 75 mg/kg challenge dose of PTZ was administrated to the PTZ treated groups, on the 12th injection. Results: A significant increase was found in the number of neurons expressing the GABA(A) receptor in the brain tissue (hippocampus and cerebral cortex) of the PTZ group when compared to the control. The density of GABA(A) receptor of the neurons in the cerebral cortex significantly increased in PTZ administered groups compared to the control.The number of apoptotic neurons was found non-significant between groups in the brain. Conclusion: CI treatment prolonged the onset of the first seizure activity and seizure latency at a convulsive dose, and kept the number of GABA(A) receptors close to that of the control in the hippocampus.Öğe Effects of melatonin on both testicular regeneration and recovery of spermatogenesis in busulfan-treated rats(Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca), 2022) Taşlıdere, Elif; Eşrefoğlu, ?Mukaddes; Tok, Olgu Enis; Taşlıdere, Bahadır; Bulut, HuriTesticular damage is one of the most hazardous effects of chemotherapy as it is frequently associated with oligozoospermia and azoospermia. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effect of melatonin in a rat model of busulfan-induced testicular injury. Rats were divided into four groups: control, melatonin, busulfan, busulfan plus melatonin. After 15 days, the semen was collected from the epididymis and testes were assessed. Sperm removed from cauda epididymis and analyzed for sperm count and viability. Testis tissues were also removed, fixed in formalin and were embedded in paraffin. Sections of testis tissue were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological examination and prepared for TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling) assay to detect apoptosis and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigenassay) to detect proliferation cells. Serum and testes supernatants were separated to detect testosteron level and oxidative stress parameters. In histological examination, degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules were observed in the experimental groups. In biochemical examination, the total oxidant status (TOS) levels in Busulfan group were significantly higher than in the control group while the total antioxidant status (TAS) levels of all the groups were similar. In conclusion, the beneficial properties of melatonin treatment by its potent anti-oxidants may reduce adverse effects of chemotherapy in the reproductive system in a rodent system.Öğe Effects of platelet rich plasma and amniotic cell culture medium on wound healing following experimental animal tracheal injury model: A comparative study(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021) Mirapoğlu, Semih; Güler, Eray Metin; Tok, Olgu Enis; Aydoğdu, İbrahim; Çay, Ali; Çamlı, Mehmet; Koçyiğit, Abdurrahim; Canter, Halil İbrahim; Yıldız, KemalettinIntroduction: Prolonged inflammation after tracheal injury invariably results in a degree of stenosis. The topical application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and human amniotic fluid-derived cell culture medium (ACCM) have been shown to promote wound healing. The effects of PRP and amniotic cell culture medium (Gibco AmnioMAX - II ) were investigated in a rat model through morphometric, histological, and biochemical parameters. Material & Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study: 4 rats provided for the preparation of PRP. Three groups of 7 rats were divided into PRP and ACCM groups, a control and a sham group respectively. A transverse incision on the ventral aspect of the third trachea spanning half of the tracheal circumference was performed. The incision was repaired with 7/0 polypropylene in the sham group. In the control group, 0.5 ml saline solution was applied on to the repaired injury site. In the other two groups, 0.5 mL PRP or ACCM were applied topically on the tracheal repair. Tissue samples were harvested 30 days after surgery for morphometric measurements and biochemical analyses for oxidative stress markers, IL-1beta, IL-6, and VEGF. Connective tissue thickness was evaluated histologically. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: A notable difference was detected (P = 0,025) in cartilage segment length measurements of the trachea between the ACCM group and the sham and control groups (P < 0.03). A significant difference was found in the analysis of TAS, TOS, and OSI values between the study groups and the control and sham groups (P < 0.005). There were also differences in IL1-beta and IL-6 levels between ACCM and PRP groups (P < 0.05). For the same parameters, the differences were significant between the PRP and, sham and control groups (P = 0,004 and P = 0,002 respectively), and between the ACCM and, sham and control groups (P = 0,003 and P = 0,002 respectively). VEGF values demonstrated a significant difference between the PRP and sham group (P = 0,002), and between ACCM and sham/control groups (p=0,002 for both), the highest VEGF value was in ACCM group while the lowest value was in the sham group. In the histological assessment of connective tissue, a significant difference was observed between ACCM and the other groups. Conclusion: Amniotic fluid-derived cell culture medium shows less oxidative stress status than the other applications. ACCM is more effective on inflammatory and angiogenetic processes. Connective tissue thickness results were consistent with those biochemical and morphologic results. Additionally, a significant difference was observed in histological data between ACCM and PRP. Overall, ACCM proved to be efficient on tracheal healing. These effects can be attributed to the abundance of growth factors in both PRP and amniotic fluid-derived cell culture medium (ACCM).Öğe Mechanical stiffness of pegda based hydrogels affects formation of HEPG2 spheroids in 3D scaffolds(Wiley, 2021) Kahveci Ulugöl, Reyhan; Demirel, Gamze; Akbulut, Zeynep; Yener, Neşe; Tok, Olgu Enis; Decker, Heather; Mellot, A. J.; Aktaş, Ranan Gülhan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe New bone-generative effect of Salvia officinalis L. in the expanded midpalatal suture An in vivo and in vitro study(Urban & Vogel, 2022) Kayalar, Emre; Göger, Fatih; Taş Deynek, Gül; Tok, Olgu Enis; Küçük, SevimPurpose The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of systemic administration of Salvia officinalis Linnaeus (L.) leaf extract on new bone formation in the expanded premaxillary suture in rats in vivo and to examine the antioxidant effects and phenolic profile of Salvia officinalis (SO) leaf and root extracts in vitro. Methods Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to two groups: SO group (n = 7) and control group (n = 7). An open-loop spring was attached to the upper incisors of each rat to expand the premaxillae. A 5-day expansion period followed by a 12-day retention period was observed. The rats in the SO group received systemic administration of 20 mg SO/kg/day via the orogastric route for 17 days. Histomorphometric examinations were carried out to examine the amount of new bone formation, number of capillaries, and intensity of inflammatory cell response. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to examine the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Leaf and root extracts of SO were also analyzed for antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in vitro. Results Statistical analysis showed that the following were higher in the SO group than in the control group: new bone formation, number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, intensity of inflammatory cell response (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages), and number of capillaries. The major compound identified in SO leaf extract was rosmarinic acid, while luteolin derivatives, salvianolic acid F, and medioresinol were also present. Conclusions Salvia officinalis L. from leaf extract provided antioxidant effects and stimulated enhanced new bone formation in the expanded midpalatal suture after maxillary expansion in rats.Öğe Protective effect of glutathione administration on ovarian function in female rats with cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian damage(2024) Yurttançıkmaz, Ebru Tansu; Özcan, Pınar; Tanoğlu, Fatma Başak; Tok, Olgu Enis; Timur, Hikmet Tunç; Çetin, ÇağlarObjectives: We investigated the potential of glutathione to protect ovarian function in rats exposed to cyclophosphamide by measuring serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, follicle counts, and related parameters. Design: Forty-two adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups and treated with various combinations of cyclophosphamide, glutathione, and sodium chloride. On day 21, the rats were anesthetized, and their ovaries were removed for examination. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Histopathological examination, serum AMH concentrations, follicle counts, AMH-positive staining of follicle percentages were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using a oneway analysis of variance and Tukey's test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Secondary measures encompassed histopathological examination and percentages of AMHpositive staining of follicles. Results: Significant differences were observed in follicle counts, AMH-positive follicle parameters, and serum AMH concentrations among the six groups. Group 2 (treated with cyclophosphamide) had the lowest primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicle counts and the highest atretic count. Group 6, treated with cyclophosphamide and 200 mg/kg glutathione, showed improved follicle counts compared to those in group 2. Reducing the glutathione dose to 100 mg/kg was ineffective. Limitations: This was an experimental animal investigation with a comparatively modest sample size. Experimental studies should be conducted to determine the optimal dosage and duration of glutathione therapy. Information gathered from an experimental animal modelmay not yield precisely similar outcomes in humans; therefore, additional investigations are necessary to examine the impact of glutathione on women experiencing POI. Conclusions: The anti-oxidative protective effect of directly administered glutathione was demonstrated for the first time. Low-dose glutathione was ineffective, whereas a high dose yielded significant ovarian protection against cyclophosphamide. Our findings provide valuable insights for supplementing clinical trials on the protective effects of glutathione against ovarian damage.Öğe Radyoterapiyi takiben kritik boyutta oluşturulan kemik defektlerinde antibiyotiklerin etkinliğinin deneysel olarak incelenmesi(2020) Günay, Özgün; Doğanay, Özge; Tok, Olgu Enis; Alkan, AlperAmaç: Çenelerin osteoradyonekrozu (ORN), baş ve boyun kanserlerinde radyasyon tedavisinin bir komplikasyonu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tanımı ve sınıflandırması yıllar içinde değişiklik göstermiş, patofizyolojisine dair teorileri geliştirilmiş ve buna bağlı olarak farklı tedavi prensipleri denenmiştir. Çalışmadaki amacımız, radyoterapiyi takiben alt çene kemiğinde cerrahi olarak oluşturulan kritik boyuttaki defektlerde klindamisin, metronidazol, rifamisin ve doksisiklin grubu antibiyotiklerin kemik iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Anti-enflamatuar etkinliğin kemik iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek için, 50 adet Wistar cinsi albino türü sıçanlar kullanılmıs?tır. Tüm gruplara genel anestezi altında 30 Gy dozda radyoterapi uygulandıktan 8 hafta sonra sıçanların sağ mandibulasında 5 mm çapında bikortikal hazırlanan kemik defektlerine deney gruplarında ksenogreft ile karıştırılan antibiyotikler, kontrol gruplarında ise sadece ksenogreft partikülleri uygulanarak cerrahi saha iyileşmeye bırakılmıştır. Sakrifikasyon sonrasında elde edilen örneklerde enflamasyon, nekroz, fibrozis, yeni kemik yapım alanı, kalsifiye olmuş kemik alanı ve kapiller sayısı histopatolojik ve histomorfometrik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İncelenen kesitlerde nekroz, enfeksiyon ya da fibrozis bulgusuna rastlanmamıştır. Kontrol grubu ile yapılan karşılaştırmalarda metronidazol ve klindamisin gruplarında yeni kemik yapım alanlarının anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.01, p<0.01). Kalsifiye kemik trabekül alanları incelendiğinde kontrol grubu ile klindamisin grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0.01). Klindamisin ile diğer gruplar karşılaştırıldığında ise aradaki fark anlamlı (p<0.05) bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubu ile yapılan karşılaştırmalarda kapiller sayısı metronidazol grubunda anlamlı (p<0.05), klindamisin grubunda (p<0.01) ise ileri derecede anlamlı olarak farklı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Antibiyotik uygulanan gruplarda iltihabi alanların sayısında azalma, yeni kemik yapım alanlarında ve damarlanmada artış gözlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullandığımız antibiyotiklerin antibakteriyel aktiviteden bağımsız olarak anti-enflamatuar etkinliklerinin olabileceği düşünülmektedir.Öğe The association of oxidative stress and DNA damage with XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms in radiology technicians(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022) Söylemez, Esra; Özçağlı, Eren; Korkmaz, Serol; Tok, Olgu Enis; Aydın, Mehmet Şerif; Omurtag, Gülden ZehraIonizing radiation has widespread use in medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions. Radiology technicians are one group that is occupationally exposed to low doses of radiation. There are questions regarding whether low dose exposure to radiation could have long-term health consequences. Assessing the effect of radiation on genetic material is essential for appraising long-term health results. Hereditary variations in DNA repair genes cause differentiation in individual responses to radiation related health effects. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress and DNA damage, and their relationship to XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms in radiology technicians occupationally exposed to low dose radiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 radiology technicians and age-matched with 40 healthy control individuals working in office environments. Our results showed that radiology technicians had significantly greater oxidative stress and DNA damage than the control group, and women appeared more susceptible to occupational radiation exposure than men. Individuals with wild-type genotypes for XRCC1 (Arg/Arg) and XRCC3 (Thr/Thr) had less DNA damage. Lower DNA damage levels could be explained by the enhanced capacity to repair low dose radiation induced DNA damage. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of DNA repair genes in individuals that are occupationally exposed to low dose radiation.Öğe The effects of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of nucleus accumbens on neuronal gene expression and brain tissue in high alcohol-preferring rats(Springer, 2023) Deveci, Erdem; Akbaş, Fahri; Ergün, Arif Şanlı; Kurtulmuş, Ayşe; Koçak, Ali Barlas; Boyraz, Rabia Kevser; Tok, Olgu Enis; Aydın, Mehmet Şerif; Kılıç, Özge; Bozkurt, Ayhan; Uysal, Ömer; Eşrefoğlu, MukaddesWe investigated the effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) on gene expression related to alcohol dependence and histological effects on brain tissue. We also aimed at determining the miRNA-mRNA relationship and their pathways in alcohol dependence-induced expression changes after focused ultrasound therapy. We designed a case-control study for 100 days of observation to investigate differences in gene expression in the short-term stimulation group (STS) and long-term stimulation group (LTS) compared with the control sham group (SG). The study was performed in our Experimental Research Laboratory. 24 male high alcohol-preferring rats 63 to 79 days old, weighing 270 to 300 g, were included in the experiment. LTS received 50-day LIFU and STS received 10-day LIFU and 40-day sham stimulation, while the SG received 50-day sham stimulation. In miRNA expression analysis, it was found that LIFU caused gene expression differences in NAc. Significant differences were found between the groups for gene expression. Compared to the SG, the expression of 454 genes in the NAc region was changed in the STS while the expression of 382 genes was changed in the LTS. In the LTS, the expression of 32 genes was changed in total compared to STS. Our data suggest that LIFU targeted on NAc may assist in the treatment of alcohol dependence, especially in the long term possibly through altering gene expression. Our immunohistochemical studies verified that LIFU does not cause any tissue damage. These findings may lead to new studies in investigating the efficacy of LIFU for the treatment of alcohol dependence and also for other psychiatric disorders.Öğe The efficiency of ozone therapy and low-level laser therapy in rat facial nerve injury(Churchill Livingstone, 2020) Yuca, Yusuf; Yücesoy, Türker; Tok, Olgu Enis; Alkan, AlperPurpose: Comparison of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ozone therapy (OT) methods for the treatment of facial nerve injury (FNI) in rats, evaluated by histomorphometric measurement analysis. Materials and methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into control (C), LLLT, and OT groups. The left facial nerves (FNs) of all rats (n ¼ 30) were used in this study. These were held in a surgical clamp for 30 s to create neuropathic damage. The non-injured right FNs of the rats in the control group formed the fourth, sham (S) group in this study (n ¼ 10). Therefore the total number of evaluated samples was 40. The injured FNs of rats in the control group were left to heal spontaneously, whereas LLLT was applied for 21 consecutive days (output 100 mW/cm2 and wavelength 850 nm) and OT (2 ml; 80 mm/ml) once every 2 days for 21 days. Results: After histomorphological evaluation, the OT group revealed statistically significant outcomes following FNI compared with the OT and control groups in terms of branching of nerve fibers (p ¼ 0.003), nerve fiber diameters (p ¼ 0.0398), nerve fiber areas (p ¼ 0.042), and axon numbers (p ¼ 0.0327). Although the LLLT group revealed a better healing process than the control group, the outcome was not statistically significant in terms of branching of nerve fibers (p ¼ 0.6804), nerve fiber diameters (p ¼ 0.7424), nerve fiber areas (p ¼ 0.7048), and axon numbers (p ¼ 0.7588). Conclusions: OT resulted in statistically significant differences in outcome when compared with the LLLT and control groups, and provided a safe and effective treatment for FNI in rats. OT could therefore be considered as an alternative treatment of FNI. Clinical studies should now be performed to establish whether comparable results can be achieved in humans.Öğe The protective effect of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction on ovarian function in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian damage(2025) Ökten, Sabri Berkem; Özcan, Pınar; Tok, Olgu Enis; Devranoğlu, Belgin; Çetin, Çağlar; Tanoğlu, Fatma Başak; Fıçıcıoğlu, CemObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate if adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) treatment has any protective effect on ovarian function in rats with cyclophosphamide (CP) induced ovarian damage. Design: This was an experimental animal study. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: 25 mature cycling Wistar-Albino rats were randomized into four groups (n = 5 per group). Rats in groups 1 and 2 received single dose of intraperitoneal (i.p.) 1 mL/kg sodium chloride 0.9% (NaCl). Groups 3 and 4 received single dose of 75 mg/kg i.p. CP. On seventh day, SVF was prepared from adipose tissues of 5 additional rats and groups 1 and 3 received 0.9% NaCl i.p. injections while groups 2 and 4 received 0.2 mL i.p. injections of SVF. On day 21 all rats were euthanized, and serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, primordial, primary, secondary, antral, and atretic follicle counts, AMH positive staining follicle counts along with AMH staining intensity of the follicles were evaluated. Results: Among two CP induced ovarian damaged groups, SVF treated group showed significantly higher secondary and antral follicle and lower atretic follicle counts, significantly higher mean serum AMH levels, AMH positive antral follicle count and higher intensity of AMH positive follicle scores for primary, secondary, and antral follicles when compared to untreated group. Moreover, group 1 showed no significant difference for all parameters except antral follicle count and AMH positive staining intensity scores for antral follicles when compared to group 4. Limitations: This study was conducted on experimental rat model. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a significant protective effect of SVF against CP-induced ovarian damage which reveals the apparent need for further investigation of its precise mechanisms of action as it may provide a new treatment approach for women with premature ovarian failure.Öğe The protective effect of platelet-rich plasma administrated on ovarian function in female rats with Cy-induced ovarian damage(Springer, 2020) Özcan, Pınar; Takmaz, Taha; Tok, Olgu Enis; İşlek, Sevde; Yiğit, Esra Nur; Fıçıcıoğlu, CemPurpose We evaluated the protective effect of PRP on ovarian function in female rats with cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced ovarian damage. Methods Thirty-two adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (control-sodium chloride 0.9%; 1 mL/kg, single-dose ip injection), group 2 (Cy); 75 mg/kg, single-dose ip injection and sodium chloride 0.9% (1 mL/kg, single-dose ip injection), group 3 Cy plus PRP, Cy (75 mg/kg, single-dose and PRP (200 mu l, single-dose) ip injection), group 4 (PRP, 200 mu l, single-dose ip injection). Primordial, antral, and atretic follicle counts; serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels; AMH-positive granulosa cells; and gene expression analysis of Ddx4 were assessed. Results Serum AMH levels were significantly lower in group 2 compared to groups 1, 3, and 4 (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p = 0.04, respectively). A significant difference was found in the primordial, primary, secondary, antral, and atretic follicle counts between all groups (p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in AMH-positive staining primary, secondary, and antral follicles count between the groups (p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in primary, secondary, and antral AMH positive staining follicle intensity score between the groups (p < 0.01). Ddx4 expression in group 4 was highest compared to other groups. Conclusion Our study may provide evidence that PRP could protect ovarian function against ovarian damage induced by Cy. It could lead to improved primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicle numbers.Öğe Treatment of ovarian damage induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in female rats with G-CSF and platelet-rich plasma(PRP): An immunohistochemical study correlation with novel marker INSL-3(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Çetin, Çağlar; Ökten, Sabri Berkem; Tok, Olgu Enis; Özcan, Pınar; Gökmen Karasu, Ayşe Filiz; Tanoğlu, Fatma Başak; Taha, Havva Sevde; Ateş, SedaObjective: To assess the impacts of Platelet-Rich Plasma(PRP) and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor(G-CSF) on a rat model with induced ovarian follicular damage caused by cyclophosphamide(Cy).Materials and Methods: Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into seven distinct groups as; Group 1(control): NaCl intraperitoneal (IP) injection was administered on days D1, D7, and D14. Group 2(Cy):Cy IP injection on D1 + NaCl IP injection on D7 and D14 were administered. Group 3(PRP): PRP IP injection on D1,D7 and D14 were administered. Group 4(Cy + PRP):Cy IP injection on D1 and PRP IP injection on D1, D7 and D14 were administered. Group 5(G-CSF): G-CSF IP injection on D1, D7 and D14 were administered. Group 6(Cy + G-CSF):Cy IP injection on D1+ G-CSF IP injection on D1, D7 and D14 were administered. Group 7(Cy + PRP + G-CSF):Cy IP injection on D1+ PRP IP injection on D1,D7 and D14+ G-CSF IP injection on D1,D7 and D14 were administered. Follicular number, histological scores of AMH and INSL3 stained follicles at different stages of follicular development, and serum Anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH) were evaluated.Results: The primary, secondary, and antral follicle intensity scores for AMH-positive staining were most prominent in Groups 3 and 5. There was no significant difference between groups 4, 6 and 7 compared to group 1 in terms of follicule counts and AMH staining. The intensity scores of AMH-positive staining follicles were notably reduced in group 2 compared to groups 4, 6, and 7, with a significant difference (p < .01). Among the groups, group 2 exhibited the least intense antral follicle staining for INSL3, displaying a significant difference(p < .01) compared to the remaining groups.Conclusions: Autologous PRP and G-CSF might protect ovarian function in the face of ovarian damage caused by Cy-induced effects.
