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Öğe Cyclic Prefix (CP) jamming against eavesdropping relays in OFDM systems(IEEE-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Madni, Haji Muhammad Furqan Ahmed; Ankaralı, Zekeriyya Esat; Arslan, HüseyinCooperative communication has been widely used to provide spatial diversity benefits for low-end user equipments, especially in ad hoc and wireless sensor networks. However, the lack of strong authentication mechanisms in these networks leaves them prone to eavesdropping relays. In this paper, we propose a secure orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme, where the destination node transmits a jamming signal over the cyclic prefix (CP) duration of the received signal. Simulation results verify that as long as at least a part of the jamming signal falls to the actual data portion of the eavesdropping relay, it spreads through all the data symbols due to the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) operation, resulting in degraded interception at the eavesdropper.Öğe Delay-doppler-based key generation using OTFS(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Zegrar, Salah Eddine; Arslan, HüseyinKey generation for secure communication is challenging in high-mobility scenarios due to the low coherence time. This is further exacerbated in frequency-division duplex systems due to the non-reciprocal wireless channel in uplink and downlink. The current work leverages the symplectic Fourier transform to convert fast-varying time-frequency domain signals to slow-varying delay-Doppler (DD) domain and utilizes the wireless channel representation in the DD domain to generate shared keys. The proposed approach is evaluated in terms of key generation and mismatch rates considering correlated eavesdropper, as well as the various randomness criteria provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.Öğe Generalized coordinated multipoint framework for 5G and beyond(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Salman, Hanadi; Kihero, Abuu B.; Sağlam, Mehmet İzzet; Arslan, HüseyinThe characteristic feature of 5G and beyond networks is the diversity of services, which is required to support different user needs. However, the requirements for these services are often competing in nature, which impresses the necessity of a coordinated and flexible network architecture. Although coordinated multipoint (CoMP) systems were primarily proposed to improve the cell edge performance in 4G, their collaborative nature can be leveraged to support the diverse requirements and enabling technologies of 5G and beyond networks. To this end, we propose the generalization of CoMP to a proactive and efficient resource management framework capable of supporting different user requirements such as reliability, latency, throughput, and security while considering network constraints. This article elaborates on the multiple aspects, inputs, and outputs of the generalized CoMP (GCoMP) framework. Apart from user requirements, the GCoMP decision mechanism also considers the CoMP scenario and network architecture to decide upon outputs such as CoMP scheme or appropriate coordinating clusters. To enable easier understanding of the concept, a case study illustrating the effect of different combinations of GCoMP framework's outputs on varying user requirements is presented.Öğe Hybrid terrestrial-aerial network for ultra-reliable low-latency communication(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Doğan, Seda; Büyükçorak, Saliha; Arslan, HüseyinUltra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) is undoubtedly the toughest service class in 5G-NR from the network service provider's perspective. Different methodologies have been utilized to meet the reliability and latency requirements of URLLC including proposition of various diversity techniques. This paper envisages a hybrid network using terrestrial and flying base stations to provide ubiquitous and reliable service to URLLC users. We propose utilizing the macro-diversity in the hybrid environment by exploiting the significant differences in path loss and shadowing characteristics of flying base stations (FBSs) as compared to the terrestrial base stations (TBSs). Preliminary results are presented to this effect and recommendations are made to their inclusion in the networks for supporting URLLC users in the future.Öğe Inter numerology interference analysis for 5G and beyond(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Kihero, Abuu Bakari; Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Yazar, Ahmet; Arslan, HüseyinOne of the defining characteristics of 5G is the flexibility it offers for supporting different services and communication scenarios. For this purpose, usage of multiple numerologies has been proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The flexibility provided by multi-numerology system comes at the cost of additional interference, known as inter-numerology interference (INI). This paper comprehensively explains the primary cause of INI, and then identifies and describes the factors affecting the amount of INI experienced by each numerology in the system. These factors include subcarrier spacing, number of used subcarriers, power offset, windowing operations and guard bands.Öğe Inter-numerology interference for beyond 5G(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Kihero, Abuu Bakari; Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Arslan, HüseyinFifth generation (5G) radio access technology (RAT) is designed to flexibly serve multiple services with extremely diverse requirements. One of the steps taken toward fulfilling this vision of 5G-RAT is the introduction of multi-numerology concept, where multiple frame structures with different subcarrier spacings coexist in one frequency band. Though efficient in providing the required flexibility, this approach introduces a new kind of interference into the system known as inter-numerology interference (INI). In this study, a novel cyclic prefix (CP) insertion technique (referred to as common CP) for multi-numerology system is mathematically analyzed in terms of the INI problem and its extensive comparison with the conventional CP configuration (referred to as individual CP) standardized for the 5G multi-numerology systems is presented. An in-depth discussion of various critical issues concerning multi-numerology system such as frequency domain multiplexing, time domain symbol alignment, and orthogonality between subcarriers of different numerologies is presented in the light of both, individual and common CP configurations. The analyses reveal that common CP has an advantage of restructuring the INI pattern in the system in a manner that paves the way for developing better techniques of avoiding or minimizing INI in the future generations.Öğe On the performance of handover mechanisms for non-terrestrial networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Demir, Yusuf İslam; Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Arslan, HüseyinNext-generation wireless networks require massive connectivity and ubiquitous coverage, for which non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are a promising enabler. However, NTNs, especially non-geostationary satellites bring about challenges such as increased handovers (HOs) due to the moving coverage area of the satellite on the ground. Accordingly, in this work, we compare the conventional measurement-based HO triggering mechanism with other alternatives such as distance, elevation angle, and timer-based methods in terms of the numbers of HOs, ping-pong HOs, and radio link failures. The system-level simulations, carried out in accordance with the 3GPP model, show that the measurement-based approach can outperform the other alternatives provided that appropriate values of hysteresis/offset margins and time-to-trigger parameters are used. Moreover, future directions regarding this work are also provided at the end.Öğe Performance comparison of handover mechanisms for leo networks in s and ka-bands(2024) Kodheli, Xhelja; Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Arslan, HüseyinLow-Earth orbit (LEO) non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to provide high-bandwidth communication in otherwise unserved regions. However, this comes at the cost of high satellite mobility, necessitating efficient handover (HO) strategies. Till now the focus has been on the S-band, however Ka-band is expected to be deployed for high-bandwidth applications necessitating HO studies for higher frequency bands. To address this, we evaluate the performance of the conventional received power-based HO, as well as alternatives such as elevation angle and distance-based triggers for Ka-band LEO networks, and compare them with S-band frequencies. Moreover, a dynamic threshold approach is also evaluated in terms of the number of HOs, unnecessary handovers (UHOs), radio link failures (RLFs), and distributions of downlink carrier-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (CNIR) and mean time-of-stay of a user in a cell. The obtained results indicate the efficacy of power-based mechanisms for the S-band while showing that the alternative methods provide a much better balance at the Ka-band in terms of the overhead and the overall communication link quality.Öğe Physical layer security in distributed wireless networks(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Salman, Hanadi; Furqan, Haji M.; Arslan, Hüseyin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Quantum laboratory setup for future wireless communication systems(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2019) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Janjua, Muhammad Bilal; Afeef, Liza; Tusha, Armed; Duranay, Ahmet Enes; Arslan, Hüseyin; Hasekio?lu, OrkunFifth generation of wireless communication envisages a diverse network that imposes stringent requirements regarding capacity, reliability, security, latency and seamless connectivity. These lofty goals have driven researchers to look for technologies capable of supporting conventional methods. Application of quantum mechanics to the domain of communications has been considered for a while now but the reliance of any quantum phenomena on experimental verification remains an obstacle in its widespread use. To serve this purpose, we propose establishing a quantum optics laboratory in Turkey which will allow implementation, analysis and investigation of the various promising quantum communication tools. This work is directed towards description and experimental verification of some well-known quantum experiments, from relatively simpler ones such as single or entangled photon generation to the more evolved experiments like quantum random number generation and quantum key distribution.Öğe Simulating a communication system(Wiley, 2021) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Arslan, HüseyinThis chapter looks at the basics of simulation of communication systems, covering topics such as strategy, modeling, general methodology, link and network-level categorization, error sources, performance evaluation, and practical issues. It focuses on some of the critical questions regarding the choices concerning a simulation setup. The chapter discusses the strategies that can be opted for when developing such a system. It provides the general steps to follow in solving any problem using a simulation approach. The chapter also provides a summary of the different levels of modeling that make up a simulation and a brief description of the different blocks that constitute a typical communication link from the simulation perspective. Code snippets for different blocks of the communication system are provided considering the selected case study, i.e. communication in the presence of an additive white Gaussian noise. The chapter describes network layout generation and some popular methods for it.Öğe Spatially distributed channel shortening aided physical layer security(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Salman, Hanadi; Qaraqe, Khalid A.; Arslan, HüseyinWireless networks have become imperative in all areas of human life. As such, one of the most critical concerns in next-generation networks is ensuring the security and privacy of user data/communication. Cryptography has been conventionally used to tackle this, but it may not be scalable (in terms of key exchange and management) with the increasingly heterogeneous network deployments. Physical layer security (PLS) provides a promising alternative but struggles when an attacker boasts a better wireless channel as compared to the legitimate user. In this work, a spatially distributed channel shortening approach is leveraged to address this problem. Specifically, the user data is split into multiple parts, where each part is sent using a different transmission point. This ensures that at least one of the illegitimate links experiences worse propagation channel as compared to the legitimate one. Additionally, a channel shortening filter is applied w.r.t legitimate links, which results in inter-symbol interference being introduced at the receiver. Results show significant enhancement of the achievable secrecy capacity as compared to state-of-the-art channel shortening-based PLS methods.Öğe Towards a unified framework for physical layer security in 5G and beyond networks(IEEE-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Salman, Hanadi; Arslan, HüseyinWireless systems have become an increasingly pivotal part of our lives. Various critical applications and use cases such as healthcare, financial transactions, e-commerce, transportation, industrial automation, etc. rely on secure and reliable communication for their proper operation. Despite their widespread adoption, conventional cryptographic security mechanisms are unable to scale with the increasingly decentralized and heterogeneous networks. Physical layer security (PLS), on the other hand, provides a promising complementary solution to ensure authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of legitimate transmissions by exploiting the dynamic characteristics of the wireless environment. Despite the plethora of literary works regarding different facets of PLS being present, a unified framework is still absent. In this paper, we provide a PLS framework that not only encompasses the existing works but also enables the development of next-generation PLS methods. In line with this, the importance of PLS for emerging technologies such as joint sensing and communication, vehicular communication, non-terrestrial networks, millimeter-wave, terahertz communication, etc. is highlighted. Furthermore, the key challenges and directions for future PLS mechanisms are identified.Öğe Wireless communication networks and the need for security(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Furqan, Haji M.; Arslan, Hüseyin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Wireless communication, sensing, and REM: A security perspective(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Furqan, Haji Muhammad; Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Türkmen, Halise; Arslan, HüseyinThe diverse requirements of next-generation communication systems necessitate awareness, flexibility, and intelligence as essential building blocks of future wireless networks. The awareness can be obtained from the radio signals in the environment using wireless sensing and radio environment mapping (REM) methods. This is, however, accompanied by threats such as eavesdropping, manipulation, and disruption posed by malicious attackers. To this end, this work analyzes the wireless sensing and radio environment awareness mechanisms, highlighting their vulnerabilities and provides solutions for mitigating them. As an example, the different threats to REM and its consequences in a vehicular communication scenario are described. Furthermore, the use of REM for securing communications is discussed and future directions regarding sensing/REM security are highlighted.Öğe Wireless sensing – enabler of future wireless technologies(Türkiye Klinikleri, 2021) Türkmen, Halise; Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Tusha, Armed; Arslan, HüseyinWith the completion of the 5G standardization efforts, the wireless communication world has now turned to the road ahead, the future wireless communication visions. One common vision is that future networks will be flexible, or able to accommodate an even richer variety of services with stringent, often conflicting requirements. This ambitious feat can only be accomplished with a ubiquitous awareness of the radio and physical environment. To this end, this paper highlights the importance of wireless sensing as a means for radio environment awareness and surveys wireless sensing methods under different domains. Then, a review of wireless sensing from a standardization perspective is given. These standardization efforts will provide the initial landscape upon which research into future wireless sensing methods will be built upon. Therefore, the paper is concluded by outlining imperative standardization requirements and future directions in wireless sensing.
