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    Design and characterization of nanocarriers loaded with Levofloxacin for enhanced antimicrobial activity; Physicochemical properties, in vitro release and oral acute toxicity
    (Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca), 2019) Siafaka, Panoraia; Okur, Mehmet Evren; Ayla, Şule; Er, Sevda; Çağlar, Emre Şefik; Okur, Neslihan Üstündağ
    Inorganic and carbon based nanomaterials are widely used against several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases as well as fungi and bacteria colonization. In this work, Santa Barbara Amorphous mesoporous silica (SBA), Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) were loaded with fluoroquinolone Levofloxacin (LVF) to be applied as antimicrobial agents. The prepared via adsorption nanocarriers were characterized by Fourier-Transformed Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy as well as High Pressure liquid Chromatography. In vitro release studies were carried out using Simulated Body Fluid at 37°C and data analyzed by various kinetic models showing slow dissolution over 12-24 hours. Antimicrobial studies showed improved antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis compared to neat nanomaterials. CNTs were found to be the most promising candidates for LVF delivery and they were chosen to be further studied for their acute oral toxicity and histopathological examination using C57/Black mice. Histological examination depicted that drug loading did not affect mice organs morphology as well as hepatocyte degeneration, central vein degeneration and parenchymal necrosis scores. To conclude, the prepared nanomaterials present significant characteristics and can act as antimicrobial drug carriers; CNTs found to be safe candidates when orally fed to mice.
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    Hypertension in 2017: Update in treatment and pharmaceutical innovations
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2017) Okur, Mehmet Evren; Karantas, Ioannis; Okur, Neslihan Üstündağ; Siafaka, Panoraia
    Hypertension can be referred to as modern scourge in 2017 and although, it seems that an improvement has been done during the passage of time, the full treatment still remains an unmet achievement for clinicians. Hypertension incidence in Mediterranean countries, especially Greece and Turkey, seems to be increasing irrespective of the expected protective effect of Mediterranean diet. The changed lifestyle and dietary habits of both populations led to advanced cardiovascular events and arteriosclerosis both of which are linked with high blood pressure. From statistic aspect, as in this work reviewed, it has been found out that gender, age, sociodemographic characteristics and geographical location could promote the hypertension prevalence. Given the above, as well as the fact that the current pharmaceutical formulations do not present the optimal results on hypertension management, summing up the ongoing research on hypertension field is in high demand. Consequently, the development of novel solutions for high blood pressure management either with new synthesized drugs or fascinated drug delivery systems is required. Moreover, adopting healthy lifestyle and diet also plays a crucial role against hypertension. This review is aimed at assisting researchers working on hypertension management by summarizing update guidelines, various case reports describing hypertension related with other diseases, current medications and newly synthesized drug delivery systems recently found in literature.