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Öğe Anti-cancer potential of zerumbone in cancer and glioma: current trends and future perspectives(2024) Soroush, Alborz; Pourhossein, Siavash; Hosseingholizadeh, Dorrin; Hjazi, Ahmed; Shahhosseini, Reza; Kermanshahi, Nazgol; Behnamrad, Parisa; Ghavamikia, Nima; Dadashpour, MehdiPlant-derived immunomodulators and antitumor factors have appealed lots of attention from natural product scientists for their efficiency and safety and their important contribution to well-designed targeted drug action and delivery mechanisms. Zerumbone (ZER), the chief component of Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes, has been examined for its wide-spectrum in the treatment of multi-targeted diseases. The rhizomes have been used as food flavoring agents in numerous cuisines and in flora medication. Numerous in vivo and in vitro experiments have prepared confirmation of ZER as a potent immunomodulator as well as a potential anti-tumor agent. This review is an interesting compilation of all the important results of the research carried out to date to investigate the immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of ZER. The ultimate goal of this comprehensive review is to supply updated information and a crucial evaluation on ZER, including its chemistry and immunomodulating and antitumour properties, which may be of principal importance to supply a novel pathway for subsequent investigation to discover new agents to treat cancers and immune-related sickness. In addition, updated information on the toxicology of ZER has been summarized to support its safety profile.Öğe Applications of deep learning in alzheimer's disease: a systematic literature review of current trends, methodologies, challenges, innovations, and future directions(2025) Toumaj, Shiva; Heidari, Arash; Shahhosseini, Reza; Jafari Navimipour, NimaAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) constitutes a significant global health issue. In the next 40 years, it is expected to affect 106 million people. Although more and more people are getting AD, there are still no effective drugs to treat it. Insightful information about how important it is to find and treat AD quickly. Recently, Deep Learning (DL) techniques have been used more and more to diagnose AD. They claim better accuracy in drug reuse, medication recognition, and labeling. This essay meticulously examines the works that have talked about using DL with Alzheimer’s disease. Some of the methods are Natural Language Processing (NLP), drug reuse, classification, and identification. Concerning these methods, we examine their pros and cons, paying special attention to how easily they can be explained, how safe they are, and how they can be used in medical situations. One important finding is that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are most often used for AD research and Python is most often used for DL issues. Some security problems, like data protection and model stability, are not looked at enough in the present research, according to us. This study thoroughly examines present methods and also points out areas that need more work, like better data integration and AI systems that can be explained. The findings should help guide more research and speed up the creation of DL-based AD identification tools in the future.Öğe Botulinum toxin injection versus lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials(2024) Bonyad, Ali; Zadeh, Reza Hossein; Asgari, Setareh; Eghbal, Fatemeh; Hajhosseini, Pardis; Shahhosseini, Reza; Seyedipour, SinaBackground: Anal fissures, tears in the epithelium of the anal canal that cause pain and bleeding, have a lifetime prevalence of 11%. While surgical treatments, such as lateral internal sphincterotomy are traditional, they pose postoperative complications. Recent studies investigated less invasive options involving botulinum toxin injection, showing promise with fewer adverse effects. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of botulinum toxin injection to lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissures. Method: Up to October 2023, an extensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant papers. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the comparative effectiveness of lateral internal sphincterotomy and botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of chronic anal fissures. The methodology adheres to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria, and the study protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF). Results: A total of 1,839 patients from 18 trials were included in the meta-analysis. Patients undergoing lateral internal sphincterotomy had higher healing compared to botulinum toxin injection (pooled effect = 0.77; 95% CI= [0.69– 0.83]; I2 = 90.95%; P = 0.00). Conclusion: Our study revealed the efficacy of lateral internal sphincterotomy over botulinum toxin injection in promoting healing for chronic anal fissures. These findings emphasize the clinical advantage of traditional surgical interventions in the management of this condition. However, further studies with long-term follow-up are required to confirm our observations.Öğe Cancer-on-chip: a breakthrough organ-on-a-chip technology in cancer cell modeling(2025) Nejati, Babak; Shahhosseini, Reza; Hajiabbasi, Mobasher; Ardabili, Nastaran Safavi; Baktash, Kosar Bagtashi; Alivirdiloo, Vahid; Alipourfard, IrajCancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The unclear molecular mechanisms and complex in vivo microenvironment of tumors make it difficult to clarify the nature of cancer and develop effective treatments. Therefore, the development of new methods to effectively treat cancer is urgently needed and of great importance. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems could be the breakthrough technology sought by the pharmaceutical industry to address ever-increasing research and development costs. The past decade has seen significant advances in the spatial modeling of cancer therapeutics related to OoC technology, improving physiological exposition criteria. This article aims to summarize the latest achievements and research results of cancer cell treatment simulated in a 3D microenvironment using OoC technology. To this end, we will first discuss the OoC system in detail and then demonstrate the latest findings of the cancer cell treatment study by Ooc and how this technique can potentially optimize better modeling of the tumor. The prospects of OoC systems in the treatment of cancer cells and their advantages and limitations are also among the other points discussed in this study.Öğe Current biological implications and clinical relevance of metastatic circulating tumor cells(2024) Shahhosseini, Reza; Pakmehr, SeyedAbbas; Elhami, Anis; Shakir, Maha Noori; Alzahrani, Abdullah Ali; Al Hamdani, Mais Mazin; Ali Khiavi, PayamMetastatic disease and cancer recurrence are the primary causes of cancer-related deaths. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are the driving forces behind the spread of cancer cells. The emergence and development of liquid biopsy using rare CTCs as a minimally invasive strategy for early-stage tumor detection and improved tumor management is a promising advancement in recent years. However, before blood sample analysis and clinical translation, precise isolation of CTCs from patients’ blood based on their biophysical properties, followed by molecular identification of CTCs using single-cell multi-omics technologies is necessary to understand tumor heterogeneity and provide effective diagnosis and monitoring of cancer progression. Additionally, understanding the origin, morphological variation, and interaction between CTCs and the primary and metastatic tumor niche, as well as and regulatory immune cells, will offer new insights into the development of CTC-based advanced tumor targeting in the future clinical trials. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)Öğe Improvement of current immunotherapies with engineered oncolytic viruses that target cancer stem cells(2024) Soroush, Alborz; Shahhosseini, Reza; Ghavamikia, Nima; Hjazi, Ahmed; Roudaki, Shahrzad; KhalatbariLimaki, Mahdi; Mirbolouk, Mahtab; Pakmehr, SeyedAbbas; Karimi, ParvinThe heterogeneity of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) impairs the therapeutic efficacy of standard therapies and also reduces the infiltration of antitumor immune cells, all of which lead to tumor progression and invasion. In addition, self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) support tumor dormancy, drug resistance, and recurrence, all of which might pose challenges to the eradication of malignant tumor masses with current therapies. Natural forms of oncolytic viruses (OVs) or engineered OVs are known for their potential to directly target and kill tumor cells or indirectly eradicate tumor cells by involving antitumor immune responses, including enhancement of infiltrating antitumor immune cells, induction of immunogenic cell death, and reprogramming of cold TME to an immune-sensitive hot state. More importantly, OVs can target stemness factors that promote tumor progression, which subsequently enhances the efficacy of immunotherapies targeting solid tumors, particularly the CSC subpopulation. Herein, we describe the role of CSCs in tumor heterogeneity and resistance and then highlight the potential and remaining challenges of immunotherapies targeting CSCs. We then review the potential of OVs to improve tumor immunogenicity and target CSCs and finally summarize the challenges within the therapeutic application of OVs in preclinical and clinical trials.Öğe Oncolytic viruses improve cancer immunotherapy by reprogramming solid tumor microenvironment(Humana Press Inc., 2024) Zhang, Ling; Pakmehr, Seyed Abbas; Shahhosseini, Reza; Hariri, Maryam; Fakhrioliaei, Azadeh; Shayan, Farid Karkon; Xiang, Wenxue; Shayan, Sepideh KarkonImmunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have achieved successful results against several types of human tumors, particularly hematological malignancies. However, their clinical results for the treatment of solid tumors remain poor and unsatisfactory. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role by interfering with intratumoral T-cell infiltration, promoting effector T-cell exhaustion, upregulating inhibitory molecules, inducing hypoxia, and so on. Oncolytic viruses are an encouraging biocarrier that could be used in both natural and genetically engineered platforms to induce oncolysis in a targeted manner. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) contributes to the reprogramming of the TME, thus synergizing the functional effects of current ICIs and CAR T-cell therapy to overcome resistant barriers in solid tumors. Here, we summarize the TME-related inhibitory factors affecting the therapeutic outcomes of ICIs and CAR T cells and discuss the potential of OV-based approaches to alleviate these barriers and improve future therapies for advanced solid tumors.Öğe Splenic flexure mobilization: does body topography matter?(2025) Akyol, Habil Akansel; Arslan, Naciye Çiğdem; Koçak, Mehmet; Shahhosseini, Reza; Pekuz, Çağlar Kazım; Haksal, Mustafa; Öncel, MustafaBackground: Splenic flexure mobilization can be technically challenging, and its oncological benefits remain uncertain. This study aims to explore the relationship between patient and clinical characteristics and splenic flexure mobilization time as well as the implications of prolonged splenic flexure mobilization duration. Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes 105 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal colorectal cancer surgery between 2013 and 2018. The study analyzed patient characteristics, duration of surgical steps, and postoperative outcomes. Splenic flexure mobilization time was assessed using operation videos, and the impact of patient-related factors on splenic flexure mobilization complexity was examined. Results: The study identified significant correlations of higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.0086), weight (p = 0.002), and height (p = 0.043) with longer splenic flexure mobilization time. Gender did not significantly influence splenic flexure mobilization duration. Splenic flexure mobilization time was correlated with the durations of other individual surgical steps (Step 1: medial-to-lateral dissection [p = 0.0013], Step 2: pelvic dissection [p = 0.067], Step 3: dissection of white line and mobilization of descending colon [p = 0.0088], Step 5: stapling, resection, extraction of the specimen, and anastomosis [p = 0.04]) and the overall operation time (p < 0.0001). A 10-min cutoff point predicts the total operation time more efficiently than other potential thresholds. Conclusion: This research suggests that patient characteristics including BMI, weight, and height may serve as indicators for prolonged splenic flexure mobilization time in laparoscopic distal colorectal cancer surgery. Longer splenic flexure mobilization durations were correlated with extended durations of other surgical steps. A BMI-based approach to anticipate SFM duration may enhance preoperative planning, potentially aiding in surgical decision-making. Trial registration: E-10840098–772.02–61604 2.2.2019.
