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Öğe Fecal microbiota transplantation in autoimmune diseases - an extensive paper on a pathogenetic therapy(2024) Seida, İsa; Al Shawaf, Maisam; Mahroum, NaimThe role of infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has long been recognized and reported. In addition to infectious agents, the internal composition of the "friendly" living bacteria, (microbiome) and its correlation to immune balance and dysregulation have drawn the attention of researchers for decades. Nevertheless, only recently, scientific papers regarding the potential role of transferring microbiome from healthy donor subjects to patients with autoimmune diseases has been proposed. Fecal microbiota transplantation or FMT, carries the logic of transferring microorganisms responsible for immune balance from healthy donors to individuals with immune dysregulation or more accurately for our paper, autoimmune diseases. Viewing the microbiome as a pathogenetic player allows us to consider FMT as a pathogenetic-based treatment. Promising results alongside improved outcomes have been demonstrated in patients with different autoimmune diseases following FMT. Therefore, in our current extensive review, we aimed to highlight the implication of FMT in various autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune thyroid and liver diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes mellitus, among others. Presenting all the aspects of FMT in more than 12 autoimmune diseases in one paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first time presented in medical literature. Viewing FMT as such could contribute to better understanding and newer application of the model in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, indeed.Öğe Infections in the immune interplay of inflammatory bowel disease(Academic Press, 2024) Seida, İsa; Balcıoğlu, Zeynep Betül; Neyestani, Kamyar; Mahroum, NaimInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a chronic, relapsing, multi-factorial disease characterized by inflammation of the intestine. While the etiology of IBD is still not fully understood, the incidence and prevalence of it are growing rapidly worldwide. IBD commonly peaks in the second-to-fourth decade of life, affecting men and women similarly. Early-life events, such as antibiotic administration and babies born by caesarian section, represent just a few among multiple environmental risk factors. In addition, gut microbiome was found to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. This is particularly important due to the interplay between the immune system and gut microbiome. Disorders of gut microbiome, such as “dysbiosis,” has commonly been seen in IBD patients. The role of microbes, both, in the initiation and exacerbation of disease, and protection from IBD are viewed in this chapter.Öğe Post-trauma acinetobacter baumannii meningitis treatment approach(Turkısh Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2024) Erdoğan, Cem; Balcıoğlu, Zeynep Betül; Seida, İsa; Kızılaslan, DenizAcinetobacter baumannii, associated with nosocomial infections, is considered a significant mortality risk if not adequately addressed. A. baumannii infections typically occur after surgery or trauma. Our patient developed complicated A. baumannii meningitis with lateral ventriculitis and a lumbar abscess post-surgery following a fall. The patient was treated with a 21-day regimen of intrathecally administered colistin and polymyxin B. Following this therapeutic period, the patient's condition improved, leading to successful recovery and subsequent discharge. This case report highlights the effectiveness of intrathecal administration of antibiotics, which normally have limited potential for crossing the blood-brain barrier, in improving survival outcomes in multi-drug-resistant nosocomial meningitis.Öğe The 13th international. congress on autoimmunity 2022 (AUTO13) Athens: An event as big as the topics(Israel Medical Association Journal, 2022) Etsatti, Abdutrahman; Atwani, Abdutkarim; Seida, İsa; Atrais, Mahmoud; Seida, Ravend; Esirgun, Sevvat Nit; Abalı, Tunahan; Kıyak, Zeynep; Mahroum, NaimThe gathering of the 13th International Congress on Autoimmunity 2022 (AUTO13) could not have been held at a place better than the beautiful city of Athens, Greece, at the Megaron Athens International Conference Center (MAICC), which is short distance from the Acropolis. With thousands of participants from more than 70 countries and five continents, the in-person meeting of AUTO13 was a huge success.Öğe The COVID-19 pandemic – How many times were we warned before?(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Mahroum, Naim; Seida, İsa; Esirgün, Şevval Nil; Bragazzi, Nicola LuigiInfectious diseases are known to act in both predictable and unpredictable ways, which leads to the notions of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. Emerging diseases with their disastrous consequences might be surprising and unpredictable, but they could be foreseen. For instance, some emerging diseases and recently the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were the reason for papers published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other researchers addressing the likely pathogens causing future outbreaks, according to the reports of the WHO in 2016 and 2018. Although it might seem like a wisdom in retrospect, several studies had already indicated possible future outbreaks caused by coronaviruses. Announcements, which may be viewed as “warnings,” appeared since the emergence of the first coronavirus-related outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in the winter of 2002–2003 and a later outbreak caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012–2013. Therefore, we were curious to review the medical literature prior to the COVID-19 pandemic with an aim to enumerate and evaluate studies addressing and warning against future outbreaks, and surprisingly pandemics, of members of coronaviruses. Interestingly, we found numerous studies that correctly predicted the current pandemic of COVID-19. While this part is highly interesting, how authorities reacted and prepared for warnings, if any, and how will they get prepared for the next warnings are our main messages. Taking these points into serious consideration will certainly aid in analyzing reports regarding possible future outbreaks as well as in developing various strategies for prevention and coping with such epidemics.Öğe The mosaic of autoimmunity – Finally discussing in person. The 13th international congress on autoimmunity 2022 (AUTO13) Athens(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Mahroum, Naim; Elsalti, Abdulrahman; Alwani, Abdulkarim; Seida, İsa; Alrais, Mahmoud; Seida, Ravend; Esirgün, Şevval Nil; Abalı, Tunahan; Kıyak, Zeynep; Zoubi, Magdi; Shoenfeld, YehudaWhile autoimmunity is a branch of medicine linked to every single organ system via direct and indirect pathways, meeting in person to discuss autoimmunity during the 13th international congress on autoimmunity (AUTO13) with participants from all over the world had a very good reason. The mechanisms involved in autoimmune diseases are of extreme importance and in fact critical in understanding the course of diseases as well as selecting proper therapies. COVID-19 has served as a great example of how autoimmunity is deeply involved in the disease and directly correlated to severity, morbidity, and mortality. For instance, initially the term cytokine storm dominated, then COVID-19 was addressed as the new member of the hyperferritinemic syndrome, and also the use of immunosuppressants in patients with COVID-19 throughout the pandemic, all shed light on the fundamental role of autoimmunity. Unsurprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 was called the “autoimmune virus” during AUTO13. Subsequently, the correlation between autoimmunity and COVID-19 vaccines and post-COVID, all were discussed from different autoimmune aspects during the congress. In addition, updates on the mechanisms of diseases, autoantibodies, novel diagnostics and therapies in regard to autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and others, were discussed in dedicated sessions. Due to the magnificence of the topics discussed, we aimed to bring in our article hereby, the pearls of AUTO13 in terms of updates, new aspects of autoimmunity, and interesting findings. While more than 500 abstract were presented, concluding all the topics was not in reach, hence major findings were summarized.Öğe Vaccines and autoimmunity—From side effects to ASIA syndrome(MDPI, 2023) Seida, İsa; Seida, Ravend; Elsalti, Abdulrahman; Mahroum, NaimSince vaccines are in fact manufactured chemical compounds such as drugs, the appearance of side effects following their use is not surprising. Similarly, as the main goal of vaccines is to stimulate the immune system bringing out the production of protective antibodies, autoimmune-related side effects as a consequence of increased immune activity do not seem irrational. Fortunately, the rate of such side effects is low; however, the importance of reporting adverse events following vaccinations, understanding the mechanisms behind their appearance, making early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment cannot be overemphasized. In fact, autoimmune-related side effects of vaccines, particularly those based on adjuvants, were reported long before the introduction of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). Nevertheless, ASIA gathered and united the side effects of vaccines under one title, a step which helped organize the research and call for better immune stimulators than adjuvants. New technologies and methods of making vaccines were clearly noticed during the pandemic of COVID-19 after the introduction of mRNA-based vaccines. In our current paper, we introduce the notion of side effects to vaccines, particularly those of autoimmune nature, the mechanisms of ASIA, and the main vaccines linked with the syndrome including the recent COVID-19 vaccines. The transition from side effects to ASIA is the main idea behind our work.
