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Öğe Channel-dependent code allocation for downlink MC-CDMA system aided physical layer security(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Salman, Hanadi; Nader, Sanaz; Arslan, HüseyinSpreading codes are the core of the spread spectrum transmission. In this paper, a novel channel-dependent code allocation procedure for enhancing security in multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system is proposed and investigated over frequency-selective fading. The objective of the proposed technique is to assign the codes to every subcarrier of active/legitimate receivers (Rxs) based on their channel frequency response (CFR). By that, we ensure security for legitimate Rxs against eavesdropping while preserving mutual confidentiality between the legitimate Rxs themselves. To do so, two assigning modes; fixed assigning mode (FAM) and adaptive assigning mode (AAM), are exploited. The effect of the channel estimation error and the number of legitimate Rxs on the bit error rate (BER) performance is studied. The presented simulations show that AAM provides better security with a complexity trade-off compared to FAM. While the latter is more robust against the imperfection of channel estimation.Öğe Generalized coordinated multipoint framework for 5G and beyond(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Salman, Hanadi; Kihero, Abuu B.; Sağlam, Mehmet İzzet; Arslan, HüseyinThe characteristic feature of 5G and beyond networks is the diversity of services, which is required to support different user needs. However, the requirements for these services are often competing in nature, which impresses the necessity of a coordinated and flexible network architecture. Although coordinated multipoint (CoMP) systems were primarily proposed to improve the cell edge performance in 4G, their collaborative nature can be leveraged to support the diverse requirements and enabling technologies of 5G and beyond networks. To this end, we propose the generalization of CoMP to a proactive and efficient resource management framework capable of supporting different user requirements such as reliability, latency, throughput, and security while considering network constraints. This article elaborates on the multiple aspects, inputs, and outputs of the generalized CoMP (GCoMP) framework. Apart from user requirements, the GCoMP decision mechanism also considers the CoMP scenario and network architecture to decide upon outputs such as CoMP scheme or appropriate coordinating clusters. To enable easier understanding of the concept, a case study illustrating the effect of different combinations of GCoMP framework's outputs on varying user requirements is presented.Öğe Improving connectivity via multi-user scheduling in 5G and beyond networks(IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2021) Salman, Hanadi; Janjua, Muhammad Bilal; Arslan, HüseyinIn this paper, a novel, yet efficient, multi-user scheduling scheme based on mode selection and power allocation is presented for 5G and beyond networks. The proposed scheme schedules the users in co-existence (CE) and non coexistence (NCE) modes to maximize the connectivity under signal separability and reliability constraints. In addition, two multi-user scheduling mechanisms; check requirements before scheduling (CRBS) and check requirements after scheduling (CRAS), are proposed for practical scenarios to study the impact of quality of service (QoS) on multi-user scheduling in terms of users' reliability requirements. Analytical results show that CRBS outperforms CRAS and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes in terms of connectivity and system throughput with a complexity trade-off.Öğe Interactive CoMP clustering for load balancing and time synchronization(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Salman, Hanadi; Kihero, Abuu B.; Arslan, HüseyinThis work aims to address the timing synchronization issue which limits the applicability of coordinated multipoint schemes, specifically joint transmission, in practical wireless networks. Following a brief description of the issue itself, and its repercussions on the network performance, the various conditions/solutions that mitigate this problem are recapped. Following this, we provide the background of the proposed approach to be used for mitigating the timing synchronization issues, namely, common cyclic prefix (CP) technique. Then, a clustering algorithm is proposed aimed at balancing the cell load with timing synchronization as a constraint. In load balancing stage, the first priority is given to users with higher received power and lower number of base stations in the candidate set. The results obtained via simulations indicate that heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployments suffer from timing synchronization when smaller CP duration is used, and this performance degradation can be resolved quite effectively using the common CP configuration.Öğe Physical layer security definition and domains(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023) Salman, Hanadi; Arslan, Hüseyin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Physical layer security in distributed wireless networks(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Salman, Hanadi; Furqan, Haji M.; Arslan, Hüseyin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe PLS-IoT enhancement against eavesdropping via spatially distributed constellation obfuscation(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Salman, Hanadi; Arslan, HüseyinWireless communication has become a ubiquitous facet of modern-day life. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and massive machine-type connectivity, the number of devices is expected to increase even more. However, increased dependence on wireless connectivity is marred with risks related to user privacy and data confidentiality, especially for low-power IoT devices. Therefore, it is imperative to provide an extremely reliable secure algorithm with minimal complexity and computational expense in IoT paradigm. With that in mind, this letter presents asymmetric multi-level physical layer security (PLS) scheme, in which each transmitted symbol undergoes two types of distortion: channel-based phase distortion and multi-reception amplitude randomization. The proposed scheme offers a substantial security advantage for legitimate links, while also streamlining receiver design. Numerical results indicate that the scheme effectively confounds eavesdroppers without compromising the bit error rate of the intended receiver. Additionally, the proposed scheme provides another level of security by concealing the modulation information, requiring the receiver to detect the modulation scheme before detecting transmitted symbols.Öğe Spatially distributed channel shortening aided physical layer security(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Salman, Hanadi; Qaraqe, Khalid A.; Arslan, HüseyinWireless networks have become imperative in all areas of human life. As such, one of the most critical concerns in next-generation networks is ensuring the security and privacy of user data/communication. Cryptography has been conventionally used to tackle this, but it may not be scalable (in terms of key exchange and management) with the increasingly heterogeneous network deployments. Physical layer security (PLS) provides a promising alternative but struggles when an attacker boasts a better wireless channel as compared to the legitimate user. In this work, a spatially distributed channel shortening approach is leveraged to address this problem. Specifically, the user data is split into multiple parts, where each part is sent using a different transmission point. This ensures that at least one of the illegitimate links experiences worse propagation channel as compared to the legitimate one. Additionally, a channel shortening filter is applied w.r.t legitimate links, which results in inter-symbol interference being introduced at the receiver. Results show significant enhancement of the achievable secrecy capacity as compared to state-of-the-art channel shortening-based PLS methods.Öğe Towards a unified framework for physical layer security in 5G and beyond networks(IEEE-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Solaija, Muhammad Sohaib J.; Salman, Hanadi; Arslan, HüseyinWireless systems have become an increasingly pivotal part of our lives. Various critical applications and use cases such as healthcare, financial transactions, e-commerce, transportation, industrial automation, etc. rely on secure and reliable communication for their proper operation. Despite their widespread adoption, conventional cryptographic security mechanisms are unable to scale with the increasingly decentralized and heterogeneous networks. Physical layer security (PLS), on the other hand, provides a promising complementary solution to ensure authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of legitimate transmissions by exploiting the dynamic characteristics of the wireless environment. Despite the plethora of literary works regarding different facets of PLS being present, a unified framework is still absent. In this paper, we provide a PLS framework that not only encompasses the existing works but also enables the development of next-generation PLS methods. In line with this, the importance of PLS for emerging technologies such as joint sensing and communication, vehicular communication, non-terrestrial networks, millimeter-wave, terahertz communication, etc. is highlighted. Furthermore, the key challenges and directions for future PLS mechanisms are identified.
