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Öğe Child-parent interactions in American and Turkish families: Examining measurement invariance analysis of child-parent relationship scale(Public Library of Science, 2020) Lucia Escalante-Barrios, Elsa; Marie Suarez-Enciso, Sonia; Raikes, Helen; Davis, Dawn; Garcia, Aileen; Gonen, Mubeccel; Veziroğlu Çelik, Mefharet; Hazer, Ramle GülThe parent-child relationship is a cornerstone of early childhood development and one-way early childhood programs can have a positive influence on early development is to adopt programmatic features to enhance this relationship. Research supports these conclusions in both U.S. and cross-cultural contexts, even though assumptions about parenting and the parent-child relationship may differ across cultures. However, for true understanding of cultural differences, it is important to have comparable measures across cultures. The purpose of the study is to assess measurement invariance of the two constructs of the Child-parent Relationship Scale using data gathered in programs serving low-income preschool children in the U.S.(n = 4,450) and Turkey (n = 592) from 2014 to 2015. Using Single-group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the original factor structures of the Turkish and the English versions were tested. Besides, Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis provided evidence for configural, metric, scalar invariance, strict factorial invariance or error variance invariance and construct level invariance across the two versions. Only configural invariance was established, which showed an agreement for the existence of an underlying theoretical construct for each subscale (Conflict and Closeness) of the Turkish and the English versions. However, item CPRS 4 was a non-significant item for Conflict in the Turkish version that affected the possibility to conduct further analyses. Findings encourage researchers to propose and assess cultural and linguistic adaptations for the Child-parent Relationship Scale before cross-cultural comparisons related to family relationships.Öğe Examining the association between executive functions and developmental domains of low-income children in the United States and Turkey(SAGE Publications Inc, 2019) Gönen, Mübeccel; Güler Yıldız, Tülin; Ülker-Erdem, Ayça; Garcia, Aileen; Raikes, Helen; Acar, İbrahim Hakkı; Özkan-Yıldız, Feyza; Karlıdağ, İpek; Uçuş, Şükran; Davis, Dawn L.This study examined the relations between executive functions and developmental domains of preschool children from low-income families through an intercultural perspective in the U.S. and Turkey. A total of 471 children and their primary caregivers participated in the Turkey part of the study, while 286 children and their parents engaged in U.S. sample. Regression analyses revealed that fine motor, problem solving, and executive functions of children between two contexts were significantly different from each other. In the U.S., executive functions predicted communication, problem solving, and fine motor development, whereas in the Turkish sample, executive functions did not predict domain scores. Child gender predicted four of five developmental outcomes in the U.S., whereas maternal education predicted two of five outcomes in Turkey. In addition, invariance testing demonstrated that predictors to outcomes were not significantly different between the two countries. Country differences from the first set of outcomes were explained in the context of the research sites, children's socialization, and cultural expectations surrounding child development. This study raises questions about relations between executive functions and developmental domains for future research.Öğe Family context of low-income young children and their self-regulation in the United States and Turkey(Routledge Journals, 2020) Veziroğlu Çelik, Mefharet; Garcia, Aileen; Acar, İbrahim Hakkı; Gönen, Mübeccel; Raikes, Helen; Korkmaz, Aysel; Uçuş, Şükran; Esteraich, Jan; Colgrove, AmyThe current study examines the contributions of family context (e.g. life events, home environments) to low-income preschool children's self-regulation (behaviour regulation and executive function) in the United States and Turkey. Participants were 1139 low-income children (486 from the U.S. and 653 from Turkey) and their parents. Children's self-regulation was assessed via structured tasks and family related variables such as life events, home environments, and demographic information were assessed via parent-report. Results from regression analyses showed that child's age-predicted behaviour regulation and executive function in children both from the U.S. and Turkey. Child gender, favouring girls predicted behaviour regulation and executive function and parent-child verbal interaction was associated with behaviour regulation only in the U.S. Family structure (favouring living in a two-parent household) predicted executive function and economic change predicted behaviour regulation in Turkey. Contributions and future directions were also discussed.Öğe The qualities of teacher-child relationships and self-regulation of children at risk in the United States and Turkey: The moderating role of gender(Springer, 2019) Acar, İbrahim Hakkı; Veziroğlu-Çelik, Mefharet; Garcia, Aileen; Colgrove, Amy; Raikes, Helen; Gönen, Mübeccel Sara; Encinger, Amy JohnsonThe current study is an examination of the teacher-child relationships (closeness and conflict) as a predictor of children's self-regulation in preschool, with a focus on child gender as moderator of associations between teacher-child relationships and children's self-regulation. Participants were 291 low-income children (159 males; 37-70 months old) in the United States and 362 low-income children (165 males; 42-79 months) in Turkey, and their teachers. Teacher-child relationship was assessed via teacher-report and children's self-regulation was assessed by independent researchers via structured tasks. Gender moderated the association between teacher-child conflict and self-regulation in children from the U.S. such that boys with lower levels of teacher-child conflict scored higher in self-regulation than boys who had higher levels of conflict with their teachers. Teacher-child conflict in the U.S. and teacher-child closeness in Turkey were significantly associated with children's self-regulation. Limitations of the current study and future directions are also discussed.
