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Öğe Apically extruded debris during root canal instrumentation with reciproc blue, hyflex edm, and xp-endo shaper nickel-titanium files(Elsevier Science Inc, 2018) Uslu, Gülşah; Özyürek, Taha; Yılmaz, Koray; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Plotino, GianlucaIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of apically extruded debris by Reciproc Blue (REC Blue; VDW, Munich, Germany), HyFlex EDM (HEDM; Coltene/Whaledent, Altstatten, Switzerland), and XP-endo Shaper (XPS; FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) files during root canal preparation at body temperature. Methods: Sixty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar human teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 20). The canals were instrumented using 1 of the following instruments: REC Blue, HEDM, or XPS. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. All the procedures were performed at 35 degrees C. The amount of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the weight value of the tooth-free apparatus from the postpreparation weight value. The data were analyzed using the KruskalWallis test at a 5% significance level. Results: All the instruments tested caused extrusion of some debris from the apical foramen. XPS extruded significantly less debris from the apex than REC Blue (P <.05). The difference among the HEDM group and the other groups was not significant (P> .05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the amount of apically extruded debris registered for the different files tested was REC Blue> HEDM> XPS, with a statistical difference only between XPS and REC Blue.Öğe Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of two reciprocating nickel-titanium glide path files(Wiley, 2018) Özyürek, Taha; Uslu, Gülşah; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Yılmaz, Koray; Grande, Nicola Maria; Plotino, GianlucaAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of R-Pilot and WaveOne Gold (WOG) Glider files, at intracanal temperature (35 degrees C). MethodologyForty R-Pilot and 40 WOG Glider files were subjected to a cyclic fatigue resistance test (n=20), calculating the time to fracture (TTF) in an artificial stainless steel canal. The length of the fractured file tips (FL) was also measured. The fracture surface of fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope, and the cross-sectional area of the fractured surfaces was measured. Flexibility of the tested files (n=20) was determined using 45 degrees bending test. Data were analysed statistically using the Mann-Whitney U-test at 5% significance level. ResultsTime to fracture was significantly higher in the R-Pilot group compared to the WOG Glider (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for fracture length. The bending resistance of R-Pilot files was significantly greater than WOG Glider files (P<0.05). ConclusionsA significant greater cyclic fatigue resistance was observed for R-Pilot files compared to WOG Glider instruments, although the bending resistance of WOG Glider files was lower.Öğe Comparison of the cyclic fatigue resistance of VDW.ROTATE, TruNatomy, 2Shape, and HyFlex CM nickel-titanium rotary files at body temperature(Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry, 2020) Gündoğar, Mustafa; Uslu, Gülşah; Özyürek, Taha; Plotino, GianlucaObjectives: This study aims to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of VDW.ROTATE, TruNatomy, 2Shape, and HyFlex CM nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files at body temperature.Materials and methods: In total, 80 VDW.ROTATE (25/0.04), TruNatomy (26/0.04), 2Shape (25/0.04), and HyFlex CM (25/0.04) NiTi rotary files (n = 20 in each group) were subjected to static cyclic fatigue testing at body temperature (37°C) in stainless-steel artificial canals prepared according to the size and taper of the instruments until fracture occurred. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated, and the lengths of the fractured fragments were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tamhane tests at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05).Results: There were significant differences in the cyclic fatigue resistance among the groups (p < 0.05), with the highest to lowest NCF values of the files as follows: VDW.ROTATE, HyFlex CM, 2Shape, and TruNatomy. There was no significant difference in the lengths of the fractured fragments among the groups. The scanning electron microscope images of the files revealed typical characteristics of fracture due to cyclic fatigue.Conclusions: The VDW.ROTATE files had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, and the TruNatomy and 2Shape files had the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance in artificial canals at body temperature.Öğe Cyclic fatigue resistance of reduced-taper nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments in doubled-curved (S-shaped) canals at body temperature(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, 2020) Uslu, Gülşah; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Özyürek, Taha; Plotino, GianlucaBackground. This study was conducted to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of VDW.ROTATE, TruNatomy Prime, HyFlex CM, and 2Shape nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in double-curved canals in a simulated clinical environment. Methods. Eighty NiTi files were used for the fatigue testing in stainless steel canals compatible with instrument sizes until fracture occurred (n=20): VDW.ROTATE (04./25#), TruNatomy Prime (04./26#), HyFlex CM (04./25#) and 2Shape TS04./25#( 1). For each instrument, the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated, and the fractured fragment length (FL) was measured. To verify that the files were fractured due to cyclic fatigue, the fractured surfaces of the files were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Student's t-tests at the %95 confidence level. Results. The failure of the files due to cyclic fatigue was first seen in the apical curvature before the coronal curvature (P<0.05). The highest fatigue resistance was observed in VDW.ROTATE and HyFlex CM files in both curvatures (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the fatigue resistance between the HyFlex CM and VDW.ROTATE files or between the 2Shape and the TruNatomy files (P>0.05). There was no difference in the fractured lengths of the files between the apical and coronal curvatures (P>0.05). Conclusion. In artificial S-shaped root canals, VDW.ROTATE and HyFlex CM files exhibited higher fatigue resistance compared to 2Shape and TruNatomy files.Öğe Cyclic fatigue resistances of Hyflex EDM, WaveOne gold, Reciproc blue and 2shape NiTi rotary files in different artificial canals(Springer, 2018) Özyürek, Taha; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Uslu, Gülşah; Yılmaz, Koray; Staffoli, Simone; Grande, N. M.; Plotino, Gianluca; Polimeni, AntonellaThe aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of HyFlex EDM (HEDM), WaveOne Gold (WOG), Reciproc Blue (RB), and 2Shape (TS) NiTi systems having different metallurgic properties. HEDM, WOG, RB, and TS instruments were rotated in artificial canals which were made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5mm, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees angles of curvatures and a radius of curvature of 5mm until fracture occurred, and the time to fracture (TTF) was recorded in seconds. Also, number of cycles to fracture was calculated (NCF). Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and t test. The statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. When comparing the TTF of all the instruments tested in the artificial canal with 45 degrees curvature, RB had statistically the highest cyclic fatigue resistance followed by HEDM and TS (P<0.05), while the WOG showed the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance (P<0.05). In artificial canal with 90 degrees curvature, RB showed a significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the other tested files (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference among the TS, WOG and HEDM groups (P>0.05). When the NCF values were taken into consideration, HEDM reported a significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than TS in both canal curvatures analyzed (P<0.05). Within the limitations of the present study, RB NiTi files showed statistically higher cyclic fatigue resistance in artificial canals with 45 degrees and 90 degrees than the other NiTi files tested.Öğe Cyclic fatigue resistances of several nickel-titanium glide path rotary and reciprocating instruments at body temperature(Wiley, 2018) Yılmaz, Koray; Uslu, Gülşah; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Özyürek, Taha; Grande, Nicola Maria; Plotino, GianlucaAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of the One G, ProGlider, HyFlex EDM and R-Pilot glide path NiTi files at body temperature. MethodologyTwenty One G (size 14, .03 taper), 20 ProGlider (size 16, .02 taper), 20 HyFlex EDM (size 10, .05 taper) and 20 R-Pilot (size 12.5, .04 taper) instruments were operated in rotation at 300rpm (One G, ProGlider and HyFlex) or in reciprocation (R-Pilot) at 35 degrees C in artificial canals that were manufactured by reproducing the size and taper of the instrument until fracture occurred. The time to fracture was recorded in seconds using a digital chronometer, and the length of the fractured fragments was registered. Mean data were analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc Tukey tests via SPSS 21.0 software. The statistical significance level was set at 5%. ResultsThe cyclic fatigue resistance of the R-Pilot files was significantly greater than the other instruments, and the One G was significantly lower (P<0.05). There was no difference between the HyFlex EDM and the ProGlider (P>0.05). No significant difference (P>0.05) was evident in the mean length ofthe fractured fragments of the various instruments. ConclusionsThe cyclic fatigue resistance of the R-Pilot reciprocating glide path file was significantly greater than that of the rotary HyFlex EDM, ProGlider and One G glide path files.Öğe Efficacy of different irrigant activation devices in removing dentin debris from an artificial isthmus connecting curved canals(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Plotino, Gianluca; Özyürek, Taha; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Uslu, Gülşah; Pedullà, Eugenio; Careddu, Roberto; Franco, VittorioThe aim of this study was to evaluate the debridement efficacy of sonic irrigation (EDDY; VDW, Munich, Germany and EndoActivator; Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ultrasonically activated irrigation (Irrisafe; Satelec Acteon, Merignac, France) in a simulated canal isthmus connecting curved canals. Transparent resin blocks were produced containing two curved canals connected with an isthmus. The isthmus was then filled with dentin debris. Three irrigant activation cycles were performed and the amount of remaining debris was compared analysing pictures taken after each activation cycle. Data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. EDDY showed greater efficiency in removing dentin debris from the simulated isthmus than the other techniques tested. An increase in the activation time enhanced the efficiency of both EDDY and ultrasonically activated irrigation in debris removal.Öğe Influence of environmental temperature, heat-treatment and design on the cyclic fatigue resistance of three generations of a single-file nickel-titanium rotary instrument(Springer, 2019) Staffoli, Simone; Grande, Nicola Maria; Plotino, Gianluca; Özyürek, Taha; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Fortunato, Leonzio; Polimeni, AntonellaThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of environmental temperature, heat-treatment*** and design on the cyclic fatigue resistance of OneShape (OS), OneShape new generation (OSNG) and One Curve (OC) NiTi rotary single-file instruments. Cyclic fatigue testing of NiTi instruments was performed in an artificial canal with a 5-mm radius of curvature and a 60 degrees angle of curvature located 5mm from the tip of the instrument. During the experiment 3 different temperatures were used in a thermostatic bath with electronic and infrared controls: 0 degrees, 20 degrees and 35 degrees C. Sixty OneShape, 60 OneShape new generation and 60 One Curve instruments were rotated in the artificial canal until fracture occurred and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) and the length of the fractured fragment (FL) was recorded. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test at the 5% significance level. Fatigue resistance was significantly higher as the environmental temperature decreased, with differences ranging from 61 to 791%. OC instruments were significantly more resistant to cyclic fatigue than OS and OSNG instruments at all the temperatures tested (P<0.05). There was no significant difference with respect to the length of the fractured file fragments for all the instruments tested at all the temperatures tested (P>0.05). Within the limitation of the present study, fatigue resistance of the files was significantly increased when the environmental temperature decreased. OC instruments were significantly more resistant to cyclic fatigue than OS and OSNG instruments at all the temperatures tested.Öğe Influence of size and taper of basic root canal preparation on root canal cleanliness: A scanning electron microscopy study(Wiley, 2019) Plotino, Gianluca; Özyürek, Taha; Grande, Nicola Maria; Gündoğar, MustafaAim To investigate whether a minimally invasive basic root canal preparation technique has an influence on root canal cleanliness in extracted mandibular molar teeth. Methodology A total of 80 root canals (40 mesiobuccal and 40 mesio-lingual) from 40 mandibular molars were included. The teeth were divided equally into four different experimental groups depending on the subsequently root canal preparation technique: Group 1: a basic preparation was performed up to size 20,.04 taper; Group 2: a basic preparation was performed up to size 2,.06 taper; Group 3: a basic preparation was performed up to size 25,.04 taper; and Group 4: a basic preparation was performed up to size 25,.06 taper. After the use of each instrument, each root canal was irrigated with 2.5 mL of 6% sodium hypochlorite for 30 s. Then, 1 mL NaOCl was activated for 20 s using an EDDY sonic tip. Final irrigation was performed using a total of 5 mL of 17% EDTA solution. The roots were then split longitudinally and all root canal thirds were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the presence of superficial debris and smear layer using a scoring system. Data were statistically analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests with a level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results In all groups, there was significantly more residual debris and smear layer in the apical third (P < 0.05), with no differences between the middle and coronal thirds (P > 0.05). For both the parameters analysed, there was no difference amongst the groups in the middle and coronal thirds (P > 0.05), whilst in the apical third significantly less debris and smear layer was found in specimens from groups 3 and 4 than for groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion All basic root canal preparation techniques were associated with less debris and smear layer on the canal walls in the middle and coronal thirds, without differences among them. Even though debris and smear layer were always present in the apical third, an apical size of 25 resulted in significantly cleaner canals walls compared to a size 20.
