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    Aptamer and nanomaterial based FRET biosensors: a review on recent advances (2014–2019)
    (Springer, 2019) Pehlivan, Zeki Semih; Torabfam, Milad; Kurt, Hasan; Ow-Yang, Cleva; Hildebrandt, Niko; Yüce, Meral
    Fluorescence resonance energy transfer, one of the most powerful phenomena for elucidating molecular interactions, has been extensively utilized as a biosensing tool to provide accurate information at the nanoscale. Numerous aptamer- and nanomaterial-based FRET bioassays has been developed for detection of a large variety of molecules. Affinity probes are widely used in biosensors, in which aptamers have emerged as advantageous biorecognition elements, due to their chemical and structural stability. Similarly, optically active nanomaterials offer significant advantages over conventional organic dyes, such as superior photophysical properties, large surface-to-volume ratios, photostability, and longer shelf life. In this report (with 175 references), the use of aptamer-modified nanomaterials as FRET couples is reviewed: quantum dots, upconverting nanoparticles, graphene, reduced graphene oxide, gold nanoparticles, molybdenum disulfide, graphene quantum dots, carbon dots, and metal-organic frameworks. Tabulated summaries provide the reader with useful information on the current state of research in the field.
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    Nanoplasmonic biosensors: Theory, structure, design, and review of recent applications
    (Elsevier, 2021) Kurt, Hasan; Pishva, Parsa; Pehlivan, Zeki Semih; Arsoy, Elif Gül; Saleem, Qandeel; Bayaz, Mustafa Kemal; Yüce, Meral
    Nanoplasmonic biosensing shows an immense potential to satisfy the needs of the global health industry -low-cost, fast, and portable automated systems; highly sensitive and real-time detection; multiplexing and miniaturization. In this review, we presented the theory of nanoplasmonic biosensing for popular detection schemes -SPR, LSPR, and EOT -and underline the consideration for nanostructure design, material selection, and their effects on refractometric sensing performance. Later, we covered the bottom-up and top-down nanofabrication methods for nanoplasmonic biosensors. Subsequently, we reviewed the recent examples of nanoplasmonic biosensors over a wide range of clinically relevant analytes in the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of diseases and conditions such as biomarker proteins, infectious bacteria, viral agents. Finally, we discussed the challenges of nanoplasmonic biosensing toward clinical translation and proposed strategic avenues to be competitive against current clinical detection methods. Hopefully, nanoplasmonic biosensing can realize its potential through successful demonstrations of clinical translation in the upcoming years.
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    Plasmonic titanium nitride nanohole arrays for refractometric sensing
    (American Chemical Society, 2023) Günaydın, Beyza Nur; Gülmez, Mert; Torabfam, Milad; Pehlivan, Zeki Semih; Tütüncüoğlu, Atacan; Kayalan, Cemre Irmak; Saatçioğlu, Erhan; Bayazıt, Mustafa Kemal; Yüce, Meral; Kurt, Hasan
    Group IVB metal nitrides have attracted great interest as alternative plasmonic materials. Among them, titanium nitride (TiN) stands out due to the ease of deposition and relative abundance of Ti compared to those of Zr and Hf metals. Even though they do not have Au or Ag-like plasmonic characteristics, they offer many advantages, from high mechanical stability to refractory behavior and complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible fabrication to tunable electrical/optical properties. In this study, we utilized reactive RF magnetron sputtering to deposit plasmonic TiN thin films. The flow rate and ratio of Ar/N2 and oxygen scavenging methods were optimized to improve the plasmonic performance of TiN thin films. The stoichiometry and structure of the TiN thin films were thoroughly investigated to assess the viability of the optimized operation procedures. To assess the plasmonic performance of TiN thin films, periodic nanohole arrays were perforated on TiN thin films by using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching methods. The resulting TiN periodic nanohole array with varying periods was investigated by using a custom microspectroscopy setup for both reflection and transmission characteristics in various media to underline the efficacy of TiN for refractometric sensing.