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    Achieving sustainable development resilience: Poverty reduction through affordable access to electricity in developing economies
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Asghar, Nabila; Amjad, Muhammad Asif; Rehman, Hafeez ur; Munir, Mubbasher; Alhajj, Reda
    Energy is indispensable to bringing off the growing human demand, and it is a challenging global issue to achieve sustainable development goals by using clean energy. The present study evaluates whether access to electricity helps decline poverty in developing countries. For this purpose, the impact of access to electricity on the total population, rural and urban populations on poverty have been analyzed from 1990 to 2020 in 82 developing countries. Empirical results are obtained through the non-linear Panel ARDL approach. The results show that rural and urban population's access to electricity to the total population proposes the inverted U-shaped relationship with poverty. As a result, increased access to electricity initially contributes to poverty but eventually causes it to reduce. Based on these findings, the study suggests that in order to combat poverty, the countries with poor access to electricity should grant everyone easy and affordable access to power.
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    Causes of higher ecological footprint in Pakistan: Does energy consumption contribute? Evidence from the non-linear ARDL model
    (MDPI, 2023) Asghar, Nabila; Amjad, Muhammad Asif; Rehman, Hafeez ur; Munir, Mubbasher; Alhajj, Reda
    The impact of human activities on environmental degradation has been increasing over time, and ecological footprint measures the impact of human activities on the environment. An increase in ecological footprint has created alarming situations around the globe. This study explores the causes of Pakistan’s high ecological footprint (EFP). The asymmetric analysis of fossil fuels and renewable energy consumption on EFP has been carried out from 1990 to 2020. The results obtained from the NARDL approach revealed that the positive shocks of fossil fuel consumption increase EFP, but its negative shocks decline EFP. Meanwhile, both positive and negative shocks of renewable energy consumption decline EFP in Pakistan. This study suggests that renewable energy consumption can play a significant role in reducing the EFP in Pakistan.
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    Entropy-based financial asset pricing: Evidence from Pakistan
    (Public Library of Science, 2022) Wang, Sheng; Khan, Sher Ali; Munir, Mubbasher; Alhajj, Reda; Khan, Yousaf Ali
    Entropy is an alternative measure to calculate the risk, simplify the portfolios and equity risk premium. It has higher explanatory power than capital asset price model (CAPM) beta. The comparison of Entropy and CAPM beta provide in depth analysis about the explanatory power of the model that in turn help investor to make right investment decisions that minimizes risk. In this context, this study aims to compare Shannon and Rennyi Entropies with the CAPM beta for measuring the risk. Ordinary Least square approach has been utilized using a dataset of 67 enterprises registered in Pakistan Stock exchange. The comparative analysis of CAPM beta and entropy has been carried out with the R2 parameters. The result indicates that entropy has more explanatory power as compare to CAPM beta’s explanatory power, and this turns out to be the best option to evaluate the risk performances. The result implies that an investor should make the best investment decision by choosing an enterprise that provide with good returns at minimum risk based on entropy technique.
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    Global human obesity and political globalization; asymmetric relationship through world human development levels
    (2024) Munir, Mubbasher; Zakaria, Zahrahtul Amani; Alhajj, Reda; Mohamad, Mumtazimah Binti; Baig, Atif Amin; Arshed, Noman
    Purpose - Political globalization is a crucial and distinct component of strengthening global organizations. Obesity is a global epidemic in a few nations, and it is on the verge of becoming a pandemic that would bring plenty of diseases. This research aims to see how the political globalization index affects worldwide human obesity concerning global human development levels. Methods- To assess any cross-sectional dependence among observed 109 nations, the yearly period from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed using second generation panel data methods. KAO panel cointegration test and Fully Modified Least Square model were used to meet our objectives. Finding- Low level of political globalization tends to increase global human obesity because countries cannot sway international decisions and resources towards them. While the high level of political globalization tends to reduce obesity because it can control and amends international decisions. For the regression model, a fully modified Least Square model was utilized. The study observed that the R squared values for all models are healthy, with a minimum of 87 percent variables explaining differences in global obesity at the country level. Originality: There is very important to tackle the globalization issue to reduce global human obesity. With the simplicity of dietary options and the amount of physical labour they undergo in their agricultural duties, an increase in rural population percentage tends to lower the average national obesity value.
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    Global impact on human obesity – a robust non-linear panel data analysis
    (2024) Munir, Mubbasher; Zakaria, Zahrahtul Amani; Baig, Atif Amin; Mohamad, Mumtazimah Binti; Arshed, Noman; Alhajj, Reda
    Purpose: Recent studies in economics showed that humans are bounded rational. This being consumers, they are not perfect judges of what matters for the standard of living. While with a marked increase in economic and social wellbeing, there is a consistent rise in obesity levels, especially in the developed world. Thus, this study intends to explore the empirical and socio-economic antecedents of human obesity across countries using six global indexes. Methods: This study used the data of 40 countries between 1975 to 2018 and used the Panel FGLS Regression with the quadratic specification. Findings: The results showed that health and food indicators increase global human obesity, environment and education indicators decrease global human obesity, and economic and social indicators follow an inverted U-shaped pattern in affecting global human obesity. Originality: Previous studies have used infant mortality and life expectancy as the major health indicator in determining the standard of living while overlooking global human obesity as a major deterrent to welfare. This study has provided a holistic assessment of the causes of obesity in global contexts.
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    Moderation of services’ EKC through transportation competitiveness: PQR model in global prospective
    (MDPI, 2023) Sardar, Muhammad Shahzad; Asghar, Nabila; Munir, Mubbasher; Alhajj, Reda
    The continuously increasing GHG emissions have created environmental pollution and several challenges to ecosystems and biodiversity. The challenges of climate change are multipronged, resulting in melting glaciers, flash floods, and severe heat waves. In this regard, the adaptive and mitigation strategies to manage the consequences of climate change are highly important. The transport sector creates a quarter of carbon emissions, and this share is continuously increasing. Accordingly, this research study uses transport competitiveness to determine carbon emissions of the transport sector for 121 countries covering the time period from 2008 to 2018. The Panel Quantile Regression (PQR) technique is engaged to analyze the study results. The findings highlight that transport competitiveness tends to increase carbon emissions of the transport sector across quantile groups 1 and 3, while it reduces carbon emissions in quantile group 2. The U-shaped services’ EKC is validated in quantile groups 2 and 4. The moderation engaged, i.e., transportation competitiveness, changes the turning point of the services’ EKC across quantile groups 2 and 4. However, in the high-CO2 quantile group, the moderation impact of transport competitiveness is strongest as it reduces the sensitivity by flattening the services’ EKC. Furthermore, the planned expansion of the population and improved institutional quality tend to mitigate carbon emissions across different quantile groups. The policy relevance/implications that are based on the study results/findings are made part of the research paper.
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    On globalization and business competitiveness: A panel data country classification
    (Ascociacion Internacional de Economia Aplicada, 2021) Hameed, Kamran; Arshed, Noman; Yazdani, Naveed; Munir, Mubbasher
    Industrial competitiveness could be achieved through policies reforms favoring globalization process. The reality, however, is two-folded. Initially, government policies restrict globalization and impose barriers to trade, restrict social and political activities. Structural reforms become inevitable to remain in the competition. Local resources, human capital, infrastructure, education and health facilities should be transformed. It is done through deploying a flexible structure that is adapting social, political and economic changes coming from the globalization process in order to make the local industry competitive. This paper argues that beneficiaries of globalization earn this status through strategizing and processing their resources into a competitive position. This gap is covered by empirically investigating the U-shaped relationship between globalization and competitiveness. Furthermore, categorizing the selected countries into under or over globalized nations.