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Öğe Field risk ("field-effect"/"field-defect") in the gallbladder and biliary tree: An under-recognized phenomenon with major implications for management and carcinogenesis(Nature Publishing Group, 2019) Reid, Michelle; Losada, Hector; Muraki, Takashi; Pehlivanoğlu, Burçin; Memiş, Bahar; Koshiol, Jill; Bağcı, Pelin; Seven, İpek Erbarut; Balcı, Serdar; Saka, Burcu; Dursun, Nevra; Jang, Keetaek; Ohike, Nobuyuki; Tajiri, Takuma; Goodman, Michael; Carlos Roa, Juan; Araya, Juan; Bellolio, Enrique; Sarmiento, Juan; Xue, Yue; Baştürk, Olca; Adsay, Volkan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Field risk ("field-effect"/"field-defect") in the gallbladder and biliary tree: An under-recognized phenomenon with major implications for management and carcinogenesis(Nature Publishing Group, 2019) Reid, Michelle; Losada, Hector; Muraki, Takashi; Pehlivanoğlu, Burçin; Memiş, Bahar; Koshiol, Jill; Bağcı, Pelin; Seven, İpek Erbarut; Balcı, Serdar; Saka, Burcu; Dursun, Nevra; Jang, Keetaek; Ohike, Nobuyuki; Tajiri, Takuma; Goodman, Michael; Carlos Roa, Juan; Araya, Juan; Bellolio, Enrique; Sarmiento, Juan; Xue, Yue; Baştürk, Olca; Adsay, Volkan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Gallbladder polyps: Correlation of size and clinicopathologic characteristics based on updated definitions(Public Library of Science, 2020) Taşkın, Orhun C.; Baştürk, Olca; Reid, Michelle D.; Dursun, Nevra; Bağcı, Pelin; Saka, Burcu; Balcı, Serdar; Memiş, Bahar; Bellolio, Enrique; Araya, Juan Carlos; Roa, Juan Carlos; Tapia, Oscar; Losada, Hector; Sarmiento, Juan; Jang, Kee-Taek; Jang, Jin-Young; Pehlivanoğlu, Burçin; Erkan, Mert; Adsay, VolkanBackground Different perspectives exist regarding the clinicopathologic characteristics, biology and management of gallbladder polyps. Size is often used as the surrogate evidence of polyp behavior and size of >= 1cm is widely used as cholecystectomy indication. Most studies on this issue are based on the pathologic correlation of polyps clinically selected for resection, whereas, the data regarding the nature of polypoid lesions from pathology perspective -regardless of the cholecystectomy indication- is highly limited. Methods In this study, 4231 gallbladders -606 of which had gallbladder carcinoma- were reviewed carefully pathologically by the authors for polyps (defined as >= 2 mm). Separately, the cases that were diagnosed as "gallbladder polyps" in the surgical pathology databases were retrieved. Results 643 polyps identified accordingly were re-evaluated histopathologically. Mean age of all patients was 55 years (range: 20-94); mean polyp size was 9 mm. Among these 643 polyps, 223 (34.6%) were neoplastic: I. Non-neoplastic polyps (n = 420; 65.4%) were smaller (mean: 4.1 mm), occurred in younger patients (mean: 52 years). This group consisted of fibromyoglandular polyps (n = 196) per the updated classification, cholesterol polyps (n = 166), polypoid pyloric gland metaplasia (n = 41) and inflammatory polyps (n = 17). II. Neoplastic polyps were larger (mean: 21 mm), detected in older patients (mean: 61 years) and consisted of intra-cholecystic neoplasms (WHO's "adenomas" and "intracholecystic papillary neoplasms", >= 1 cm; n = 120), their "incipient" version (<1 cm) (n = 44), polypoid invasive carcinomas (n = 26) and non-neoplastic polyps with incidental dysplastic changes (n = 33). In terms of size cut-off correlations, overall, only 27% of polyps were >= 1 cm, 90% of which were neoplastic. All (except for one) >= 2 cm were neoplastic. However, 14% of polyps <1 cm were also neoplastic. Positive predictive value of >= 1 cm cut-off -which is widely used for cholecystectomy indication-, was 94.3% and negative predictive value was 85%. Conclusions Approximately a third of polypoid lesions in the cholecystectomies (regardless of the indication) prove to be neoplastic. The vast majority of (90%) of polyps >= 1 cm and virtually all of those >= 2 cm are neoplastic confirming the current impression that polyps >= 1 cm ought to be removed. However, this study also illustrates that 30% of the neoplastic polyps are <1 cm and therefore small polyps should also be closely watched, especially in older patients.Öğe Non-neoplastic polyps of the gallbladder: A clinicopathologic analysis of 447 cases(2020) Taşkın, Orhun; Bellolio, Enrique; Dursun, Nevra; Erbarut Seven, İpek; Roa, Juan C.; Araya, Juan C.; Villaseca, Miguel; Tapia, Oscar; Vance, Courtney; Saka, Burcu; Balcı, Serdar; Bağcı, Pelin; Losada, Hector; Sarmiento, Juan; Memis, Bahar; Pehlivanoğlu, Burçin; Baştürk, Olca; Reid, Michelle D.; Koshiol, Jill; Cheng, Jeanette; Kapran, Yersu; Adsay, VolkanThere is no systematic histopathologic analysis of non-neoplastic polyps in the gallbladder. In this study, in addition to a computer search for cases designated as "polyp," a systematic review of 2533 consecutive routinely sampled archival and 203 totally submitted prospective cholecystectomies were analyzed for >2?mm polyps (cut-off was based on radiologic sensitivity). A total of 447 non-neoplastic polyps were identified. The frequency was 3% in archival cases and 5% in totally submitted cases. Only 21 (5%) were ?1?cm. The average age was 52 years, and the female to male ratio was 3.1. Two distinct categories were delineated: (1) injury-related polyps (n=273): (a) Fibro(myo)glandular polyps (n=214) were small (mean=0.4?cm), broad-based, often multiple (45%), almost always (98%) gallstone-associated, and were composed of a mixture of (myo)fibroblastic tissue/lobular glandular units with chronic cholecystitis. Dysplasia seen in 9% seemed to be secondary involvement. (b) Metaplastic pyloric glands forming polypoid collections (n=42). (c) Inflammatory-type polyps associated with acute/subacute injury (11 granulation tissue, 3 xanthogranulomatous, 3 lymphoid). (2) Cholesterol polyps (n=174) occurred in uninjured gallbladders, revealing a very thin stalk, edematous cores devoid of glands but with cholesterol-laden macrophages in 85%, and cholesterolosis in the uninvolved mucosa in 60%. Focal low-grade dysplasia was seen in 3%, always confined to the polyp, unaccompanied by carcinoma. In conclusion, non-neoplastic polyps are seen in 3% of cholecystectomies and are often small. Injury-related fibromyoglandular polyps are the most common. Cholesterol polyps have distinctive cauliflower architecture, often in a background of uninjured gallbladders with cholesterolosis and may lack the cholesterol-laden macrophages in the polyp itself. Although dysplastic changes can involve non-neoplastic polyps, they do not seem to be the cause of invasive carcinoma by themselves.
