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    A dissectional study of the level of anterior commissure of the larynx
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2021) Ortuğ, Gürsel; Liman, Zafer; Ortuğ, Alpen
    Purpose: Precise knowledge of the level of the vocal fold as projected on the external thyroid cartilage is of critical importance for the performance of many surgical approaches. This study aims to identify the level of the anterior commissure, as well as the lengths of the vocal muscle and arytenoid cartilage in Turkish population. Materials and Method: Specimens were collected after autopsy from the Council of Forensic Medicine. One hundred human larynges (52 men, 48 women; age range: 25-80 years) were dissected under a stereomicroscope. Projection of the vocal fold was analyzed in relation to the superior thyroid (A) and the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage (B). Then, the larynx was dissected parallel to the level of the vocal fold to measure the length of the vocal muscle (C) and the length of the interarytenoid space (D). Results: The mean value of the "a" was 9.15 +/- 1.99 mm in male and 9.38 +/- 3.43 mm in female. Mean value of the "b" was 10.54 +/- 1.73 mm and 8.88 +/- 1.81 mm in male and female, respectively. The mean value of the parameter corresponding the length of vocal muscle which was "c" was found 15.00 +/- 3.18 mm in male and 12.88 +/- 4.12 mm in female. The mean value of the interarytenoid space "d" was 8.31 +/- 1.76 mm in male and 8.13 +/- 1.90 mm in female. Comparing between genders, no statistical differences were observed in parameters of a, c, d, a + b, a + b/2 (P > .05). However, the difference with female and male for the parameters of b and c + d was statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the anterior commissure projects slightly above the midline height for male and at the level to slightly below in female subjects in Turkish population.
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    Nonmetric variants of anatolian crania: A preliminary study
    (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2022) Elbizim, Deniz Sude; Ortuğ, Alpen; Liman, Zafer; Ortuğ, Gürsel
    Analysis of nonmetric cranial variants has been essential for identifying the human population through osteologic analysis and genetic affinities. This study aimed to examine the nonmetric cranial variants to evaluate differences among sex and side correlations in Anatolian dry skulls. This study was carried out on 50 Anatolian adult dry human skulls (22 males, 28 females) with suitable features (nonfractured and/or with necessary features) out of a total of 97 dry skulls. After sex analysis, each skull was photographed from the norma frontalis, lateralis, inferior, and superior. Eleven nonmetrical cranial variants were investigated. The cranial variants and side incidences were analyzed to determine their sex differences and interside correlations. After the classification, traits were marked as "present" or "absent" on the charts. Some variants in female crania were seen more frequently than in males. Most of the variants such as the supraorbital notch, infraorbital and zygomaticofacial foramen, showed high correlations between the right and left sides. Overall, there were no statistically significant sex or side differences found in the Anatolian crania.