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    Metaproteomic analysis of saliva samples from parkinson's disease patients with cognitive impairments
    (İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2022) Kurbeh, Balkis; Yıldırım, Süleyman
    Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a NeuroDegenerative Disease (NDD) that includes impairment and death of dopaminergic neurons at the brain and alpha-synuclein (?-syn) protein accumulation (Lewy bodies). PD symptoms include both motor symptoms, such as tremor, and non-motor symptoms, such as abnormal saliva production and cognitive impairment (CI). CI can develop to dementia tragically affecting the lives of PD patients and their caregivers, reaching to life threating stages. Therefore, developing non-invasive and accurate biomarkers for detecting and monitoring CI and dementia progression in PD is urgent. Although, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a useful source for CI-biomarkers in PD, its obtainment method is considered invasive. Thereby, saliva is a good replacement aiding the detection of both human and microbial proteins, allowing MetaProteomics analysis considering microbiome-host relationship with health/disease. Additionally, the development of Mass Spectrometry (MS) technologies and bioinformatics tools aid metaproteomics studies. Here, we analyzed salivary metaproteome content of three study groups; Healthy Control (HC: 28), Parkinson's patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI: 40), and Parkinson's patients with Dementia (PDD: 40), using nano-Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS), DIA-NN pipeline, and R-program. Results showed that bacterial proteins differentiate the three study groups, and out the 435 protein groups abundances identified, the decrease of the protein group Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) showed significant association with CI progression (p<0.05). Finally, salivary metaproteomics shows potentials to enrich non-invasive biomarkers discovery for CI/dementia detection and monitoring in PD and other NDD.