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    COVID-19 infection in children with cancer and stem cell transplant recipients in Turkey: A nationwide study
    (Wiley, 2021) Kebudi, Rejin; Kurucu, Nilgün; Tuğcu, Deniz; Hacısalihoğlu, Şadan; Fışgın, Tunç; Ocak, Süheyla; Tokuç, Gülnur; Özdemir, Gül Nihal; Bozkurt, Ceyhun; İnce, Dilek; Aras, Seda; Ayçiçek, Ali; Adaklı Aksoy, Başak; Karadaş, Nihal; Öztürk, Gülyüz; Orhan, Mehmet Fatih; Ataseven, Eda; Akbayram, Sinan; Yılmaz, Ebru; Tüfekçi, Özlem; Vural, Sema; Akyay, Arzu; Canbolat Ayhan, Aylin; Kılıç, Suar; Üzel, Veysiye Hülya; Düzenli, Yeter; Güler Kazancı, Elif; Acıpayam, Can; Elli, Murat; Tanyeli, Atilla; Karakaş, Zeynep; Somer, Ayper; Kara, Ateş
    To the Editor: Adults with cancer are reported to have a higher risk for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and more severe disease and mortality than the general population.1, 2 Although children seem to be at a lower risk for COVID-19 than adults,3-5 data specifically addressing children with cancer are limited.
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    High levels of global genome methylation in patients with retinoblastoma
    (Spandidos Publications, 2020) Yazıcı, Hülya; Wu, Hui-Chen; Tığlı, Hülya; Yılmaz, Elif Zeynep; Kebudi, Rejin; Santella, Regina M.
    Retinoblastoma is a tumor of the embryonic neural retina in young children. The DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene has been demonstrated to be transcriptionally activated in cells lacking retinoblastoma 1 (RB1). Thus, there is a direct interaction betweenDNMT1andRB1 in vivo. The present study hypothesized that uncontrolledDNMT1, DNMT2andDNMT3expression may lead to a high level of global genome methylation causing a second hit or where both alleles are altered, inRB1and/or inactivation of other genes in retinal cells. To test this, the global genome methylation levels were analyzed in 69 patients with retinoblastoma, as well as 26 healthy siblings and 18 healthy unrelated children as the control groups. Peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples were obtained from 32 patients. The expression levels ofDNMTgenes were also determined in cell lines. Based on the median levels of global genome methylation in patients, higher genome-wide methylation levels in peripheral blood were associated with a 3.33-fold increased risk for retinoblastoma in patients compared with all healthy controls (95% confidence interval, 0.98-11.35; P<0.0001). The level of global genome methylation and the expression ofDNMTgenes were increased in the WERI-RB-1 cell line, which has a mutatedRB1gene, compared with a wild-typeRB1-expressing cell line. These results supported the hypothesis that epigenetic alterations, as well as mutations inRB1, may be associated with the oncogenesis and inheritance of retinoblastoma. The repression of genes that interact withRB1, such as theDNMTgene family, may be important in patients with retinoblastoma with alterations inRB1, and may serve a role in the treatment and regression of retinoblastoma.
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    Intravitreal lower- dose (20 mu g) melphalan for persistent or recurrent retinoblastoma vitreous seeds
    (Slack Incorporated, 2015) Tuncer, Samuray; Balcı, Özlem; Tanyıldız, Burak; Kebudi, Rejin; Shields, Carol
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The major cause of failure in the management of retinoblastoma is the persistence/recurrence of vitreous seeds (VS). This study reports the efficacy and complications of standard lower-dose (20 mu g) intravitreal melphalan for VS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of all patients with active VS treated with lower-dose intravitreal melphalan (20 mu g/0.1 mL) on a monthly basis until complete VS regression was achieved. RESULTS: A total of 14 injections were delivered to seven eyes of seven patients (range: 1-4; median: 2). At a median follow-up of 20 months (range: 12-32 months), complete regression of VS was achieved in all cases (100%), and globe salvage was achieved in six cases (86%). One eye required enucleation for solid tumor recurrence. Side effects of retinal pigment epithelium mottling at the site of injection was noted in two eyes (29%). CONCLUSION: The 2-year results of this study suggest that standard lower-dose (20 mu g) intravitreal melphalan is safe and highly effective for the management of viable VS from retinoblastoma.