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    Effect of maternal cortisol levels on fetal heart rate patterns in primiparous pregnant women in the third trimester
    (NLM (Medline), 2023) Turan, Ayşenur; Kaya, Cihan
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether maternal cortisol levels affect fetal heart rate patterns in primiparous pregnant women in the third trimester. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 400 primiparous pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies between November and December 2022. The study included primiparous pregnant women over 18 years old in the third trimester who had not exercised for at least 2 h before the fetal heart rate monitoring and had a healthy pregnancy without consuming any food or drink. Fetuses with decelerating heartbeats and pregnant women who showed uterine contraction and cervical dilation during the fetal heart rate monitoring were excluded from the study. Research data were collected with the data collection form. The fetal heart rate data were collected using a cardiotocograph. At least two accelerations during the 20-min nonstress test period were the basis for diagnosing a reactive nonstress test. About 5 mL of maternal saliva for cortisol measurements was collected before fetal heart rate monitoring. Research data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 28.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the comparison of the groups in terms of education and income status, family type, fetal gender, pregnancy planning status, BMI and age averages, or gestational week averages (p>0.05). The number of at least two accelerations required for the diagnosis of reactive NST was also higher in Group 1 (maternal salivary cortisol level ?24.20). A moderately positive relationship between fetal heart rate and maternal salivary cortisol was observed (r=0.448, p=0.000). In total, 11.9% of the total change in fetal heart rate level is explained by maternal cortisol (R2=0.119). Maternal cortisol increases fetal heart rate level (ß=0.349). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that stress in primiparous pregnant women with high cortisol levels may influence fetal heart rate patterns. It was revealed that the increase in cortisol level, considered a stress hormone, may be a harbinger of fetal tachycardia.
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    Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among midwifery students: A prospective online survey
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Turan, Ayşenur; Kaya, Cihan; Gençtürk, Nuran
    Limited information on vaccines' reliability and lack of sufficient scientific data may cause suspicion among individuals concerning the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of midwifery students to an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. This prospective online survey was conducted between 01 March and 01 May 2021 with 172 midwifery students. An anonymous online survey was developed by the researchers, taking into account the studies in the literature examining the attitudes of individuals towards the vaccine. The online survey included a total of 19 questions, covering five main topics. The study revealed that 118 (68%) of 172 midwifery students were hesitant to get vaccinated. There was a significant difference between the vaccine-hesitant and -accepting groups regarding the general attitude towards the vaccine (respectively; <0.001, 0.001). It was determined that 48.1% of the vaccine-accepting participants strongly agreed that this vaccination should be mandatory for all midwifery students working in a clinical practice internship. Higher vaccination willingness levels are expected in students who attend health curricula due to the high literacy level in health-related issues. In conclusion, healthcare professionals who are in contact with patients should be informed more accurately about newly developed vaccines.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Limited information on vaccines' reliability and lack of sufficient scientific data caused suspicion about the COVID-19 vaccines among many people .What do the results of this study add? Almost half of the participants in both groups agreed that the vaccine could be ineffective if the virus is mutated. Nearly half of the hesitant group thought that the COVID-19 vaccine might not be effective and were concerned about serious side effects.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study reveals that healthcare professionals who are in contact with patients should be informed more accurately about newly developed vaccines.