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    Biological properties and HPLC analyses of four medicinal plants extracts obtained at different extraction temperatures
    (Wiley, 2022) Eyüpoğlu, Ozan Emre; Etienne, Ouattara Katinan; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Jugreet, Bibi Sharmeen; Ak, Güneş; Behl, Tapan; Bouyahya, Abdelhakim; Ferrante, Claudio; Zengin, Gökhan
    In the present study, extracts of four medicinal plants (Cajanus cajan, Carica papaya, Morinda morindoides, and Senna alexandrina) obtained at two different extraction temperatures (24 and 45 degrees C) were investigated for their polyphenolic contents, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties. For instance, extracts of the studied species yielded total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 17.8-66.3 mg GAE/g and 4.18-26.8 mg RE/g, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with antioxidant assays (HPLC-FRAP and HPLC-DPPH) was employed for direct identification of antioxidant compounds. The extracts showed moderate to high antioxidant potentials in various assays performed (radical scavenging activity: 10.15-240.08 mg TE/g; reducing activity: 24.88-229.59 mg TE/g; metal chelating activity: 5.56-18.32 mg EDTAE/g and total antioxidant capacity: 1.40-2.18 mM TE/g). Additionally, the extracts were found to exert inhibitory properties against all the studied enzymes (anti-acetylcholinesterase: 1.80-2.29 mg GALAE/g; anti-butyrylcholinesterase: 0.19-3.13 mg GALAE/g; anti-amylase: 0.39-0.58 mmol ACAE/g; anti-glucosidase: 0.17-1.36 mmol ACAE/g and anti-tyrosinase: 60.97-73.71 mg KAE/g). Of all, C. cajan extracts were revealed to be the best antioxidants and inhibitors of most enzymes. Therefore, this study demonstrated the pharmacological potentials of the four medicinal plants, especially C. cajan as viable sources of phyto-ingredients that could be of interest in nutraceutical development. Novelty impact statement The methanol extracts from four medicinal plant with different extraction temperatures (24 and 45 degrees C) were investigated. HPLC-DPPH and HPLC-FRAP methodologies were used. Different levels of phenolics in the tested extracts were determined. Cajamus cajan extracts were found to be the best one in the antioxidant assays. Our findings could be opened valuable windows in the further pharmaceutical studies and applications
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    Multiple online-HPLC methodologies and biological properties of leaves and stem barks extracts of Chrysanthellum indicum
    (Elsevier Inc., 2024) Nilofar; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Eyüpoğlu, Ozan Emre; Ferrante, Claudio; Ahmed, Shakeel; Etienne, Ouattara Katinan; Zengin, Gökhan
    Chrysanthellum indicum, an annual herb with yellow flowers, is used as a functional food in Asia and Africa for health purposes. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the characterization of phytochemicals within C. indicum's ethyl acetate, water, and methanolic extracts from both its bark and leaves. This was achieved through the utilization of the Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride assays. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of these extracts were comprehensively assessed employing microplate-based assays including ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, MCA, and PBD, alongside online HPLC-based assays namely ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity against a range of enzymes, including AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, ?-amylase, and ?-glucosidase, was ascertained. The tested ethyl acetate extracts from bark and leaves had higher content of total phenolic and flavonoid compared to methanol and water extracts. Additionally, the bark extract exhibited superior antioxidant properties in the in vitro antioxidant assays. Meanwhile, in the realm of online HPLC antioxidant analysis, an effective method has been discovered for swiftly determining the individual antioxidant capacity of compounds within both standard solutions and extract. Within the entirety of the samples subjected to scrutiny, rutin surfaced as the foremost antioxidant, exhibiting its prominence at wavelengths of 280 nm, 595 nm, and 450 nm. Following suit, quercetin emerged as the second most abundant antioxidant, noticeable at wavelengths of 517 nm and 734 nm, both in leaves and bark extracts. Significantly, the extracts derived from both bark and leaves demonstrated noteworthy effectiveness in inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme. Thus, our study indicates that Chrysanthellum indicum could serve as a promising reservoir of natural bioactive compounds, making it suitable for the formulation of health-promoting applications.
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    Online-HPLC strategies, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of different extracts of mondia whitei leaves
    (Biolife Sas, 2023) Ahmed, Shakeel; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Nilofar, Claudio; Ferrante, Claudio; Eyupoğlu, Ozan Emre; Etienne, Ouattara Katinan; Zengin, Gökhan
    Background: Mondia whitei, an indigenous African plant, is widely recognised for its medicinal properties. Throughout ancient times, African communities have employed this remedy to address a wide range of health conditions. However, there is a lack of online High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) studies available for this plant. The present investigation aimed to address and alleviate this deficiency by providing a comprehensive analysis.Methods: Methanol, combination of water and methanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of Mondia whitei (M. whitei) leaves were utilized in this study. The phenolic and flavonoids composition of the extracts determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) assays, respectively. The antioxidant potential of all the extracts was assessed through a range of in vitro assays, including FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS [2,2 '-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity), PBD (phosphomolybdenum), and MCA (metal chelating ability). Subsequently, the online HPLC-linked system had established to compare these extracts using four distinct antioxidant analysis methods: FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC. The enzyme inhibitory properties were also investigated against cholinesterases, tyrosinase, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase.Results: The methanol-water and methanol extracts had the highest phenolic contents and demonstrated superior efficacy as scavenging/reducing agents and enzyme inhibitors, particularly against tyrosinase and cholinesterase (p < 0.05). Through the utilisation of various online HPLC antioxidant techniques, the identification of four molecules exhibiting antioxidant activity was achieved. These compounds were identified as Coumarin, Vanillin, p-OH benzoic acid, and Chlorogenic acid.Conclusions: Mondia whitei leaves can be regarded as a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds, with the potential to serve as a material basis for pharmacological effects in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.