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    Are there consistent abnormalities in event-related EEG oscillations in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to other diseases belonging to dementia?
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Güntekin, Bahar; Aktürk, Tuba; Arakaki, Xianghong; Bonanni, Laura; Del Percio, Claudio; Edelmayer, Rebecca; Farina, Francesca; Ferri, Raffaele; Hanoğlu, Lütfü; Kumar, Sanjeev; Lizio, Roberta; Lopez, Susanna; Murphy, Brian; Noce, Giuseppe; Randall, Fiona; Sack, Alexander T.; Stocchi, Fabrizio; Yener, Görsev; Yıldırım, Ebru; Babiloni, Claudio
    Cerebrospinal and structural-molecular neuroimaging in-vivo biomarkers are recommended for diagnostic purposes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias; however, they do not explain the effects of AD neuropathology on neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning cognitive processes. Here, an Expert Panel from the Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area of the Alzheimer’s Association reviewed the field literature and reached consensus on the event-related electroencephalographic oscillations (EROs) that show consistent abnormalities in patients with significant cognitive deficits due to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s (PD), Lewy body (LBD), and cerebrovascular diseases. Converging evidence from oddball paradigms showed that, as compared to cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults, AD patients had lower amplitude in widespread delta (>4 Hz) and theta (4–7 Hz) phase-locked EROs as a function of disease severity. Similar effects were also observed in PD, LBD, and/or cerebrovascular cognitive impairment patients. Non-phase-locked alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) oscillations were abnormally reduced (event-related desynchronization, ERD) in AD patients relative to CU. However, studies on patients with other dementias remain lacking. Delta and theta phase-locked EROs during oddball tasks may be useful neurophysiological biomarkers of cognitive systems at work in heuristic and intervention clinical trials performed in AD patients, but more research is needed regarding their potential role for other dementias.
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    Measures of resting state EEG rhythms for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations of an expert panel
    (Wiley, 2021) Babiloni, Claudio; Arakaki, Xianghong; Azami, Hamed; Bennys, Karim; Blinowska, Katarzyna; Bonanni, Laura; Bujan, Ana; Carrillo, Maria C.; Cichocki, Andrzej; de Frutos-Lucas, Jaisalmer; del Percio, Claudio; Dubois, Bruno; Edelmayer, Rebecca; Egan, Gary; Epelbaum, Stephane; Escudero, Javier; Evans, Alan; Farina, Francesca; Fargo, Keith; Fernandez, Alberto; Ferri, Raffaele; Frisoni, Giovanni; Hampel, Harald; Harrington, Michael G.; Jelic, Vesna; Jeong, Jaeseung; Jiang, Yang; Kaminski, Maciej; Kavcic, Voyko; Kilborn, Kerry; Kumar, Sanjeev; Lam, Alice; Lim, Lew; Lizio, Roberta; Lopez, David; Lopez, Susanna; Lucey, Brendan; Maestu, Fernando; McGeown, William J.; McKeith, Ian; Moretti, Davide Vito; Nobili, Flavio; Noce, Giuseppe; Olichney, John; Onofrj, Marco; Osorio, Ricardo; Parra-Rodriguez, Mario; Rajji, Tarek; Ritter, Petra; Soricelli, Andrea; Stocchi, Fabrizio; Tarnanas, Ioannis; Taylor, John Paul; Teipel, Stefan; Tucci, Federico; Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell; Valdes-Sosa, Pedro; Weiergraeber, Marco; Yener, Görsev; Güntekin, Bahar
    The Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area (EPIA) and Global Brain Consortium endorsed recommendations on candidate electroencephalography (EEG) measures for Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. The Panel reviewed the field literature. As most consistent findings, AD patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia showed abnormalities in peak frequency, power, and "interrelatedness" at posterior alpha (8-12 Hz) and widespread delta (< 4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) rhythms in relation to disease progression and interventions. The following consensus statements were subscribed: (1) Standardization of instructions to patients, resting state EEG (rsEEG) recording methods, and selection of artifact-free rsEEG periods are needed; (2) power density and "interrelatedness" rsEEG measures (e.g., directed transfer function, phase lag index, linear lagged connectivity, etc.) at delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands may be use for stratification of AD patients and monitoring of disease progression and intervention; and (3) international multisectoral initiatives are mandatory for regulatory purposes.
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    Treatment effects on event-related EEG potentials and oscillations in Alzheimer's disease
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Yener, Görsev; Hünerli Gündüz, Duygu; Yıldırım, Ebru; Aktürk, Tuba; Başar Eroğlu, Canan; Bonanni, Laura; Del Percio, Claudio; Farina, Francesca; Ferri, Raffaele; Güntekin, Bahar; Hajós, Mihály; Ibáñez, Agustín; Jiang, Yang; Lizio, Roberta; Lopez, Susanna; Noce, Giuseppe; Parra, Mario A.; Randall, Fiona; Stocchi, Fabrizio; Babiloni, Claudio
    Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is the most diffuse neurodegenerative disorder belonging to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in old persons. This disease is provoked by an abnormal accumulation of amyloid-beta and tauopathy proteins in the brain. Very recently, the first disease-modifying drug has been licensed with reserve (i.e., Aducanumab). Therefore, there is a need to identify and use biomarkers probing the neurophysiological underpinnings of human cognitive functions to test the clinical efficacy of that drug. In this regard, event-related electroencephalographic potentials (ERPs) and oscillations (EROs) are promising candidates. Here, an Expert Panel from the Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area of the Alzheimer's Association and Global Brain Consortium reviewed the field literature on the effects of the most used symptomatic drug against ADD (i.e., Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) on ERPs and EROs in ADD patients with MCI and dementia at the group level. The most convincing results were found in ADD patients. In those patients, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors partially normalized ERP P300 peak latency and amplitude in oddball paradigms using visual stimuli. In these same paradigms, those drugs partially normalize ERO phase-locking at the theta band (4–7 Hz) and spectral coherence between electrode pairs at the gamma (around 40 Hz) band. These results are of great interest and may motivate multicentric, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trials in MCI and ADD patients for final cross-validation.