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  • Küçük Resim
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    Substaging nodal status in ampullary carcinomas has significant prognostic value: Proposed revised staging based on an analysis of 313 well-characterized cases
    (Society of Surgical Oncology, 2015) Balcı, Serdar; Baştürk, Olca; Saka, Burcu; Bağcı, Pelin; Postlewait, Lauren Mc Lendon; Tajiri, Takuma; Jang, Kee-taek; Ohike, Nobuyuki; Kim, Grace Eun Hye; Krasinskas, Alyssa; Choi, Hyejeong; Sarmiento, Juan Martinez; Kooby, David; El-Rayes, Bassel; Knight, Jessica; Goodman, Michael; Akkaş, Gizem; Reid, Michelle Dian; Maithel, Shishir Kumar; Adsay, Nazmi Volkan
    Background: Current nodal staging (N-staging) of ampullary carcinoma in the TNM staging system distinguishes between node-negative (N0) and node-positive (N1) disease but does not consider the metastatic lymph node (LN) number. Methods: Overall, 313 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma were categorized as N0, N1 (1–2 metastatic LNs), or N2 (?3 metastatic LNs), as proposed by Kang et al. Clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) of the three groups were compared. Results: The median number of LNs examined was 11, and LN metastasis was present in 142 cases (45 %). When LN-positive cases were re-classified according to the proposed staging system, 82 were N1 (26 %) and 60 were N2 (19 %). There was a significant correlation between proposed N-stage and lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, increased tumor size (each p < 0.001), and surgical margin positivity (p = 0.001). The median OS in LN-negative cases was significantly longer than that in LN-positive cases (107.5 vs. 32 months; p < 0.001). Patients with N1 and N2 disease had median survivals of 40 and 24.5 months, respectively (p < 0.0001). In addition, 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals were 88, 76, 62 %, respectively, for N0; 90, 55, 31.5 %, respectively, for N1; and 68, 34, 30 %, respectively for N2 (p < 0.001). Even with multivariate modeling, the association between higher proposed N stage and shorter survival persisted (hazard ratio 1.6 for N1 and 1.9 for N2; p = 0.018). Conclusions: Classification of nodal status in ampullary carcinomas based on the number of metastatic LNs has a significant prognostic value. A revised N-staging classification system should be incorporated into the TNM staging of ampullary cancers.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Substaging of lymph node status in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has strong prognostic correlations: Proposal for a revised N classification for TNM staging
    (Springer, 2015) Baştürk, Olca; Saka, Burcu; Balcı, Serdar; Postlewait, Lauren Mc Lendon; Knight, Jessica; Goodman, Michael; Kooby, David; Sarmiento J.M.; El-Rayes, Bassel; Choi, Hyejeong; Bağcı, Pelin; Krasinskas, Alyssa; Quigley, Brian Christopher; Reid, Michelle Dian; Akkaş, Gizem; Maithel, Shishir Kumar; Adsay, Nazmi Volkan
    Background: The current tumor-node-metastasis staging system for the pancreas does not incorporate the number of lymph nodes (LNs) with metastasis. Methods: Among 1649 pancreaticoduodenectomies, 227 stringently defined pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) that had undergone a specific approach of LN harvesting were analyzed for the prognostic value of LN substaging protocols used for other gastrointestinal (GI) organs. Results: The median number of LNs harvested was 18, and the median number of LNs with metastasis was 3. Lymph node metastasis was detected in 175 cases (77 %). The number of LNs involved correlated significantly with clinical outcome. When cases were substaged with the protocol already in use for the upper GI organs (N0: no metastasis, N1: metastasis to 1–2 LNs; N2: metastasis to ?3 LNs), the median overall survival times were 35, 21, and 18 months, and the respective 3-year survival rates were 46, 34, and 20 % (p = 0.004). Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database also confirmed the survival differences between these substages (median overall survival times of 23, 15, and 14 months and respective 3-year survival rates of 37, 22, and 18 %; p < 0.0001). The substaging protocol for the lower GI organs (N0: no metastasis; N1: metastasis to 1–3 LNs; N2: metastasis to ?4 LNs) also was significant, with median overall survival times of 35, 21, 18 months and respective 3-year survival rates of 46, 26, and 23 %; p = 0.009). The association between higher N stage and shorter survival persisted with multivariate modeling for both protocols, although the prognostic value of the upper GI protocol appeared to be slightly stronger according to the Akaike Information Criterion method. Conclusion: In conclusion, with proper LN harvesting, the LN metastasis rate in PDACs is very high (77 %). Substaging of LN metastasis has significant prognostic value and needs to be considered in the N staging of PDACs. The protocol already in use for other upper GI tract organs, which currently also is proven significant for ampulla, would be preferable, although the lower GI tract protocol also is applicable.