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    Morphometric development of the mandible in fetal cadavers
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Kastamoni, Yadigar; Dursun, Ahmet; Şanlı, Onur Can; Yüzbaşıoğlu, Neslihan; Albay, Soner
    Purpose: The aim of this study is to present reliable data by measuring the morphometric properties of the mandible in the fetal period. Methods: A study was performed on mandibles of 35 fetuses (18 male fetuses and 17 female fetuses), aged between 21 and 40 weeks of gestation. Fetuses were examined in 3 groups according to their developmental stages: 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, and full-term. Morphometric measurements were performed for both the right and left sides of each mandible. The measurements of the mental foramen were performed using a digital caliper, and other measurements were performed using the ImageJ program. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 20 for Windows program. Results: There was no significant gender difference for all parameters. When the parameters were compared by the trimesters, no significant difference was determined in the 2nd trimester - 3rd trimester, 3rd trimester-full-term, and second trimester - full-term comparisons of the angle of the mandible, and there was a significant difference in all other parameters (P < 0.05). According to the trimesters, all parameters, except the angle of the mandible, increased naturally with the development of the mandible. It was observed that the angle of the mandible decreased from the 2nd trimester to the 3rd trimester and increased from the 3rd trimester to the full term. When the right and left measurements were compared, no significant difference was found for all parameters in both general and trimester groups. Conclusion: The present study includes fetal mandibular parameters that have not been reported elsewhere. It is thought that the obtained data will contribute to the determination of anomalies, pathologies, and variations.
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    Morphometric development of the tongue in fetal cadavers
    (Springer, 2020) Dursun, Ahmet; Kastamonı, Yadigar; Kaçaroğlu, Demet; Yüzbaşıo?lu, Neslihan; Ertekin, Tolga
    Purpose: The tongue is a specific organ for the sense of taste. It consists of the striated muscle and mucous membrane. Furthermore, it helps the functions of speech, chewing, and swallowing. In this study, we aimed to reveal some morphometric properties of the tongue in fetal cadavers. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 45 fetal tongues (25 male tongues, 20 female tongues) aged between 17 and 40 weeks. The fetuses were divided into three groups as trimester II, trimester III, and full term. For each tongue, the length, width, area, free tongue length, and the terminal sulcus angle were measured using Image J program. The free tongue length/tongue length ratio was examined. Results: The obtained data were compared according to the trimester groups and genders. It was determined that the tongue length, width, area, and free tongue length increased during the trimesters and that there was no significant difference in the terminal sulcus angle and the free tongue length/tongue length ratio between the trimesters. No significant difference was found in all parameters between the genders. Conclusions: This study presented significant data on morphometric development of the tongue. These data are thought to be useful for determining the anomaly and variations of the tongue.