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    Anatomical, morphological, and chemical characterizations and biological activities of gagea taurica steven (Liliaceae): A new record for the Turkish Flora
    (Wiley, 2023) Yuca, Hafize; Karakaya, Songül; Ekşi, Gülnur; Aydın, Bilge; Göger, Gamze; Bona, Mehmet; Tekman, Enes; Acar Şahin, Aydan; Sytar, Oksana; Pınar, Nur Münevver; Güvenalp, Zühal
    Gagea genus, which is native to the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions, has attracted significant attention due to its biodiversity and potential health benefits. In this study, the biochemical composition and biological activities of methanol extracts from various parts of G. taurica were investigated, along with their anatomical and morphological characteristics. The best antimicrobial activity was found to be MeOH extracts of corm and leaf against several Candida strains with MIC = 640 mu g/mL. The highest level of phenolics together with significant results of antioxidant activities were observed in flowers extracts. The alpha-amylase inhibition assay results showed that the highest inhibition percentage was observed with acarbose (59 %), followed by leaf extract (43%). Leaf exhibited the most effective inhibitory activity in AChE inhibition assay, whereas flower demonstrated the most significant inhibitory activity in BChE inhibition assay. Hesperidin was found as 1621.0001 ng/ml value in flower extract and 283.9339 ng/ml value leaf.
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    Cypsela micro-macromorphological characteristics of selected taxa of Centaurea L. from Turkey and their systematic importance
    (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2023) Bona, Mehmet; Çiftçi, Almila; Ekşi, Gülnur
    In this study, the cypsela micro-macromorphological characteristics of 15 Centaurea L. taxa, from the seven sections from Turkey were investigated using Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques. The studied taxa are C. goksivriensis M. Bona, C. calcitrapa subsp. calcitrapa L., C. calcitrapa subsp. cilicica (Boiss. & Bal.) Wagenitz, C. glastifolia L., C. amanicola Hub.-Mor., C. cataonica Boiss. & Hausskn. in Boiss., C. haradjianii Wagenitz, C. haussknechtii Boiss., C. regia Boiss. var. regia, C. sclerolepis Boiss., C. spicata Boiss., C. solstitialis L., C. behen L., C. rigida Banks & Sol., and C. antitauri Hayek. They belong to sections Acrocentron (Cassini) DC., Calcitrapa (Heister ex Fabr.) DC., Chartolepis (Cass.) DC, Cynaroides Boiss., Mesocentron (Cass.) DC, Microlophus (Cass.) DC., Pseudophaeopappus Wagenitz. Cypsela characteristics such as shape, size, colour, and surface pattern, hair structure, length, and colour of pappus are studied. Cypselas are 1.99 to 9.95 mm long and their width is between 1.01 and 3.73 mm. The pappus is 2.21 to 3.16 mm long. The pappus is generally straw-coloured, brown or whitish and barbellate but C. goksivriensis distinguished by its purple pappus and C. glastifolia by its plumose pappus. C. calcitrapa subsp. calcitrapa and C. calcitrapa subsp. cilicica do not have pappus. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis shows five different cypsela surface patterns for the studied species: reticulate, smooth, undulate, smooth-undulate, undulate-ruminate. A key to the taxa has been provided on the basis of these characteristics. The cypsela micro-macromorphological characteristics provide distinctive data for infrageneric classification for the studied species.
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    Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition activity of five Salvia taxa from Turkey
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Yılmaz, Gülderen; Eruygur, Nuraniye; Ekşi Bona, Gülnur; Bona, Mehmet; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertaş, Abdulselam
    Salvia L. species are widely used for treatment of different disorders in traditional Turkish medicine. In this study, the methanol extracts of five Salvia taxa, including S. aucheri subsp. canescens, S. aytachii, S. heldreichiana, S. viridis, and S. wiedemannii were investigated for their antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory potentials which are related with health-benefit properties. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined with Folin- Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride spectrophotometric method, respectively. Screening of enzyme inhibition activity was performed out using ELISA microplate reader. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2?-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2? -Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and iron chelating tests. The S. aytachii extract was found with highest total phenol content (77.82 ± 1.76 µg PE/mg) and total flavonoid content (22.33 ± 0.17 µg QE/mg) as dry weight basis. These findings specify that the investigated Salvia taxa for anticholinesterase activity can be appealed further phytochemical estimation for spotting its active components.
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    Phytochemical screening, biological evaluation, anatomical, and morphological investigation of Ferula tingitana L. (Apiaceae)
    (Springer Wien, 2023) Karakaya, Songül; Yuca, Hafize; Yılmaz, Gülderen; Aydın, Bilge; Tekman, Enes; Ekşi, Gülnur; Bona, Mehmet; Göger, Gamze; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Öztürk, Gözde; Demirci, Betül; Güvenalp, Zühal
    Ferula tingitana L. is a high perennial plant and its leaf is an alternate arrangement and yellow, and its flowers are unisexual like other Apiaceae. It has been used as a spice and for various medicinal purposes in the Mediterranean region. The paper reports antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and genotoxic activities of leaves, flowers, stems, and fruits methanol extracts of F. tingitana. Also, quantitative determination of some secondary metabolites was also analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Moreover, chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed. Consequently, anatomical, and morphological properties of plant were investigated. Germacrene D (23.6%), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (18.4%), and alpha-pinene (50.0%) were found as the main compounds in flower, leaf, and stem oils, respectively. The cortex in stem, pedicel, and fruit is characterized by angular collenchyma cells and a distinct cambium layer. 6 compounds (quinic acid, fumaric acid, keracyanin chloride, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin) were observed in samples. Leaf extract showed anticholinesterase activity. Leaf and flower extracts showed the highest % inhibition value on ABTS(center dot+) and DPPH center dot. Leaf extract has the strongest antioxidant effect because it is rich in total phenolic contents. All extracts of F. tingitana were found generally effective against C. albicans. Stem extract was found effective against E. coli and flower extract was found more effective against S. enterica and C. albicans. Bacterial genotoxicity results showed that extracts did not have genotoxic activity on tester strains S. typhimurium and E. coli WP2uvrA. Thus, it revealed that extracts were genotoxic-ally safe at applied concentrations up to 3 mg/plate.