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Öğe Antioksidan maddelerin mutajenite üzerine etkilerinin ames testi ile incelenmesi(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2017) Beceren, Ayfer; Sarıkaya, Betül; Tatlıpınar, Eşref; Omurtag, Gülden Zehra; Şardaş, SemraNowadays, several test systems have been developed in order to observe the mutagenic effects of chemical agents which play crucial roles in human health. The Ames Test is one of these test systems. With the Ames Test, some bacterial mutants have been discovered to investigate the mutagenic effects of the chemicals. Various strains of Salmonella typhimurium are one of the groups of the bacterial mutants in question. The aim of this study is to investigate possible antimutagenic effect of Pelargonium sidoides which have an antioxidant effect towards carcinogenic substance called 2-aminofluorene by Ames/Salmonella/Microsome test kit in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. TA 98 and TA 100 strains were used in these experiments. TA 98 is designed for frame-shift mutagens and TA 100 is designed for base-pair mutagens. The antimutagenic activity was screened in two groups with or without S9 metabolic activation. The results were evaluated the mean average values and compared with positive and negative controls. In conclusion, it was shown that Pelargonium sidoides have antimutagenic effect towards TA 98 and TA 100 without S9 metabolic activation (p >= 0.05) but have no antimutagenic effect towards TA 98 and TA 100 with S9 metabolic activation (p <= 0.05).Öğe Comparison of inhaled and intraperitoneal formaldehyde toxicity in rats and the evaluation of the effects of melatonin(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Aydemir, Sezgin; Akgün, Sevcan Gül; Topfedaisi Özkan, Nazlı; Yüksel, Meral; Beceren, Ayfer; Erdoğan, Nusret; Omurtag, Gülden ZehraFormaldehyde (FA) is a genotoxic substance that causes deleterious effects on the nervous system, respiratory system, and reproductive system as a result of occupational exposure. FA is also classified as human carcinogen by IARC in 2006. Melatonin (MEL) is a hormone secreted mainly by pineal gland during dark hour and studies reveal that MEL has antioxidative properties by scavenging free radicals, reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effect of MEL on FA induced toxicity by both inhalation (INH) and intraperitoneal (IP) application in rats.Öğe DNA damage in gasoline station workers caused by occupational exposure to petrol vapour in Turkey(University of Istanbul, 2016) Beceren, Ayfer; Akdemir, Nebahat; Omurtag, Gülden Zehra; Tatlıpınar, Mücteba Eşref; Şardaş, SemraThe refueling of vehicles is a major source of volatile organic compounds generated by used and evaporated fuel. Gasoline workers are directly exposed to various fuel products via many routes in the ambient air. The aim of this study is to determine the potential DNA damage in the peripheral blood samples of the gasoline station workers in Istanbul, Turkey by using the alkaline comet assay. Blood samples were collected from exposed workers (n= 25) and healthy controls (n= 14) with no history of occupational exposure. Significant difference in the mean total comet scores (TCS) of gasoline station workers (89.24 ± 30.83) were observed as compared with the control group (15.64 ± 16.17) (p < 0.001). Results from our study indicate that exposure to petrol vapour induce genotoxic effects, confirming that the gasoline station workers have a high risk of cancer due to their daily occupational exposure.Öğe Evaluation of clinical pharmacist interventions on drug-related problems in the gastroenterology ward(Marmara University, 2022) Ceylan, Cengizhan; Sancar, Mesut; Beceren, Ayfer; Demir, Ali; Kuş, Coşkun; Omurtağ, Gülden ZehraIntegrating clinical pharmacists in a multidisciplinary patient care team improves the treatment process by identifying and resolving drug-related problems (DRPs). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of clinical pharmacist intervention for DRPs in the gastroenterology service. The first period of the study was conducted between 15.06.2018 and 15.02.2019. Eighty patients admitted to the gastroenterology ward, who used at least one medication, were included in ‘the study group’. The clinical pharmacist participated in ward rounds and made interventions to solve identified DRPs. In the second period of the study, the control group consisted of 80 patients admitted to the same ward between 01.03.2019 and 06.06.2019. DRPs were determined only from the data obtained from the hospital system in the control group. DRPs were classified according to the European Pharmaceutical Care Network (PCNE V9.1). A total of 136 and 46 with an average of 1.7 and 0.57 DRPs per patient (p?0.01) were identified in the study and control groups, respectively. Of the DRPs in the study group, 59 were related to treatment effectiveness, while 61 were related to treatment safety. Likewise, 21 DRPs were related to treatment effectiveness in the control group, while 12 were related to treatment (p?0.01). 65% of the interventions were made at the physician level and 49% at the drug level. 97% (n=133) of the total interventions were accepted. The number of DRPs was significantly reduced in the control group within the time frame after the clinical pharmacist intervention period. In conclusion, clinical pharmacists' importance in detecting and preventing DRPs in the gastroenterology ward has been demonstrated.Öğe Evaluation of clinical pharmacist interventions on drugrelated problems in the gastroenterology ward(Marmara University, 2022) Ceylan, Cengizhan; Sancar, Mesut; Beceren, Ayfer; Demir, Ali; Kuş, Coşkun; Omurtag, Gülden ZehraIntegrating clinical pharmacists in a multidisciplinary patient care team improves the treatment process by identifying and resolving drug-related problems (DRPs). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of clinical pharmacist intervention for DRPs in the gastroenterology service. The first period of the study was conducted between 15.06.2018 and 15.02.2019. Eighty patients admitted to the gastroenterology ward, who used at least one medication, were included in ‘the study group’. The clinical pharmacist participated in ward rounds and made interventions to solve identified DRPs. In the second period of the study, the control group consisted of 80 patients admitted to the same ward between 01.03.2019 and 06.06.2019. DRPs were determined only from the data obtained from the hospital system in the control group. DRPs were classified according to the European Pharmaceutical Care Network (PCNE V9.1). A total of 136 and 46 with an average of 1.7 and 0.57 DRPs per patient (p?0.01) were identified in the study and control groups, respectively. Of the DRPs in the study group, 59 were related to treatment effectiveness, while 61 were related to treatment safety. Likewise, 21 DRPs were related to treatment effectiveness in the control group, while 12 were related to treatment (p?0.01). 65% of the interventions were made at the physician level and 49% at the drug level. 97% (n=133) of the total interventions were accepted. The number of DRPs was significantly reduced in the control group within the time frame after the clinical pharmacist intervention period. In conclusion, clinical pharmacists' importance in detecting and preventing DRPs in the gastroenterology ward has been demonstrated.Öğe Melatonin ameliorates oxidative DNA damage and protects against formaldehyde-induced oxidative stress in rats(E-Century Publishing Corp, 2017) Aydemir, Sezgin; Akgün, Sevcan Gül; Beceren, Ayfer; Yüksel, Meral; Kumaş, Meltem; Erdoğan, Nusret; Sardaş, Semra; Omurtag, Gülden ZehraFormaldehyde (FA) is an organic chemical which is widely used all over the world and has hazardous effects for the environment. FA can react with many biomolecules in the biological systems and lead to toxic effects on humans. Melatonin (MEL), a neurohormone produced by pineal gland, has been shown to be an effective antioxidant with free radical scavenging properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of MEL on FA-induced toxicity by monitoring oxidant/antioxidant and histopathological changes in the lung, liver and kidney tissues of rats as well as DNA damage in the blood samples. FA was administered through inhalation at a rate of 6 ppm for 6 weeks and intraperitoneal injection at a rate of 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days. MEL was administered in related groups at a rate of 10 mg/kg/day. Upon the completion of the experimental protocol, tissues were dissected for processing biochemical assays and routine histological staining. Blood samples were collected to investigate DNA damage with the comet assay and ELISA kit for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). FA exposures increased the levels of DNA damage, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity and reduced glutathione levels. FA also significantly raised the level of tissue reactive oxygen species. FA-induced morphological changes in the tissues were also observed with the light microscope. These alterations were reversed by MEL treatment. In conclusion, the present study suggests that oxidative mechanisms play an important role in FA toxicity. MEL ameliorates oxidative tissue and DNA damage resulting from FA-induced toxicity by balancing oxidant-antioxidant status, inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and reducing 8-OHdG level, and might be beneficial in reducing FA-induced oxidative tissue and DNA damage.Öğe Protective effect of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) on endosulfan-induced liver and kidney toxicity in rats(E-Century Publishing Corp, 2017) Beceren, Ayfer; Şehirli, Ahmet Özer; Omurtag, Gülden Zehra; Arbak, Serap; Turan, Pınar; Şener, GökselEndosulfan-induced systemic toxicity arises from oxidative stress and glutathione depletion. This study aims to investigate the possible protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against endosulfan-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney tissue of rats. Wistar albino rats were separated into 4 groups and administered saline, NAC, endosulfan and endosulfan + NAC for 5 days. After euthanizing the animals, trunk blood was collected, followed by the removal of the kidney and liver for histological observation, the determination of glutathione, malondialdehyde levels, collagen content and myeloperoxidase activity. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were measured in serum samples, while 8-OHdG, IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were analyzed in plasma. Endosulfan provoked a significant decrease in tissue glutathione, along with a significant increase in malondialdehyde and collagen status, as well as myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, the pro-inflammatory mediators, LDH activity, and 8-OHdG, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly raised in the endosulfan group. The endosulfan + NAC group showed significant decreases in MPO activity (P < 0.001 in both liver and kidney) and MDA levels (P < 0.01 in the liver, P < 0.05 in the kidney) compared with the endosulfan only group, revealing the protective effect of NAC. Furthermore, the results show that NAC treatment prevents all of the biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by endosulfan. This data indicates that NAC administration effectively prevents the deleterious effects of endosulfan toxicity and attenuates oxidative hepato-renal oxidative damage. This is possibly the result of its antioxidant effects.Öğe Protective role of St. John's Wort on formaldehyde-induced lung tissue injury: Inhibiton of inflammation and oxidative stress mediated apoptosis(Elsevier Ireland, 2017) Beceren, Ayfer; Aydemir, Sezgin; Bingöl Özakpinar, Özlem; Şehirli, Ahmet Özer; Omurtag, Gülden Zehra[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The role of St. John's Wort against formaldehyde toxicity induced by inhalation in rats(Elsevier Ireland, 2017) Aydemir, Sezgin; Beceren, Ayfer; Geçim, Mert; Bingöl Özakpınar, Özlem; Şehirli, Ahmet Özer; Omurtag, Gülden ZehraFormaldehyde (F) is a genotoxic substance that causes detrimental effects on the upper respiratory system. St. John’s wort (SJW) is a medicinal plant has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study is aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of SJW on F-induced lung toxicity via determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-alpha levels and DNA damage in rats.
