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    Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: the role of biomarkers including advanced EEG signal analysis. Report from the IFCN-sponsored panel of experts
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd., 2020) Rossini, Paolo Maria; Di Iorio, Riccardo; Vecchio, F.; Anfossi, Maria; Babiloni, C.; Bozzali, M.; Bruni, Amalia Cecilia; Cappa, Stefano F.; Escudero, Julien; Fraga, Francisco Jose; Giannakopoulos, Panteleimon; Güntekin, Bahar; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Marra, Camillo; Miraglia, F.; Panza, Francesco; Tecchio, F.; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Dubois, Bruno
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly with a progressive decline in cognitive function significantly affecting quality of life. Both the prevalence and emotional and financial burdens of AD on patients, their families, and society are predicted to grow significantly in the near future, due to a prolongation of the lifespan. Several lines of evidence suggest that modifications of risk-enhancing life styles and initiation of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in the early stage of disease, although not able to modify its course, helps to maintain personal autonomy in daily activities and significantly reduces the total costs of disease management. Moreover, many clinical trials with potentially disease-modifying drugs are devoted to prodromal stages of AD. Thus, the identification of markers of conversion from prodromal form to clinically AD may be crucial for developing strategies of early interventions. The current available markers, including volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis are expensive, poorly available in community health facilities, and relatively invasive. Taking into account its low cost, widespread availability and non-invasiveness, electroencephalography (EEG) would represent a candidate for tracking the prodromal phases of cognitive decline in routine clinical settings eventually in combination with other markers. In this scenario, the present paper provides an overview of epidemiology, genetic risk factors, neuropsychological, fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers in AD and describes the potential role of EEG in AD investigation, trying in particular to point out whether advanced analysis of EEG rhythms exploring brain function has sufficient specificity/sensitiv ity/accuracy for the early diagnosis of AD.
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    Reactivity of posterior cortical electroencephalographic alpha rythms during eyes opening in cognitively intact older adults and patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's and lewy diseases
    (Elsevier, 2023) Lopez, S.; Babiloni, C.; Noce, G.; Tucci, F.; Lizio, R.; Ferri, R.; Soricelli, A.; del Percio, C.
    Introduction: Patients with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) suffer from vigilance dysregulation reflected by hypersomnolence, cognitive fluctuations, hallucinations, and sleep disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that such dysregulation may be reflected by altered reactivity of posterior resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms during the vigilance transition from eyes-closed to -open condition. More specifically, we tested whether the above mentioned reactivity of posterior rsEEG alpha rhythms may differ in patients with DLB, PDD and Alzheimer’s disease (ADD) dementia, as a functional probe of the dominant cortical neural synchronization mechanisms regulating the vigilance in posterior visual systems. Methods: In two different studies, we extracted clinical, demographical, and rsEEG datasets in (1) older adults (Healthy, N=28) seniors as well as matched DLB (N=42) and ADD (N=48) patients, and (2) 25 Healthy seniors as well as matched PDD (N=73) and ADD (N=35) patients, from an international Eurasian database. The eLORETA freeware was used to estimate cortical rsEEG sources at delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands during eye-closed and eye-open conditions.
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    Resting state electroencephalographic alpha rhythms predict and are sensitive to Alzheimer's disease mild cognitive impairment progression at a 6-month follow-up
    (Elsevier, 2023) Babiloni, C.; Noce, G.; del Percio, Claudio; Tucci, F.; Lopez, S.; Ferri, R.; Soricelli, A.; Arnaldi, D.; Giubilei, F.; Stocchi, F.; Güntekin, Bahar; Yener, Görsev; Taylor, J. P.; Pantano, P.; Piervincenzi, Claudia; Nikolaos, Petsas; Frisoni, Giovanni B.; Jakhar, Deepak
    Introduction: Patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (ADMCI) suffer not only from severe cognitive deficits and disabilities in daily living but also from vigilance dysregulation reflected by substantial hypersomnolence due to vigilance fluctuations. Therefore, we hypothesized that such vigilance dysregulation in ADMCI patients might be reflected by altered electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms recorded in a resting-state eyes-closed condition in relation to the disease progression at 6-month follow-ups.