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    Dual impact from coincide potential complications of cancer therapy and sarcopenia: A narrative review
    (Via Medica, 2022) Al-Taie, Anmar; Köseoğlu, Aygül
    Sarcopenia is a disorder of progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that is linked with multiple complications, decreased physical activity, lower quality of life and accelerated mortality rate. It is more common among cancer patients and identified with reduced tolerance by the toxic effects from cancer therapy, negative outcomes, lowered response and overall survival rate. This narrative review aims to demonstrate the dual impact from the co-occurrence of cancer therapy; chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and sarcopenia alongside the potential complications from their coincide effects on cancer prognosis. By searching through data sets, all articles that focused on sarcopenia and cancer therapy were collected in the indexed journals between the years 2000 and 2021 that could provide findings for the potential complications from the coinciding effects of cancer therapy and sarcopenia in cancer patients receiving chemo-radio- and immunotherapy. Outcome measures were the rate of studies showing potential complications from the co-occurrence of cancer therapies and sarcopenia. A total of hundred-two cohort studies were enrolled. The majority were about chemotherapy and sarcopenia (45%). About 56.9% of the studies designed as retrospective analysis, and a high proportion were about chemotherapy and sarcopenia (21.6%). About 63.7% of the studies reported skeletal muscle index as the primary marker. Lower than half of the reviewed studies revealed a significant increase in the rate of sarcopenia (47%). The direct toxic effects of chemotherapy on skeletal muscle were reported in 13.7% of the studies. Studies that reported the impact of sarcopenia on a reduction in chemotherapy cycles were about 10.8%. About 11.8% and 14.7% of the studies showed lowered overall survival by the coinciding impact of chemotherapy/radiotherapy and sarcopenia, respectively. In conclusion, the evaluation of sarcopenia in cancer patients should be considered a primary part of oncological care in cancer patients as there are potential complications and poor survival from the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and different cancer therapies.
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    Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of current drug treatments on the clinical outcomes of paediatric spinal muscular atrophy type 1: A systematic review
    (Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Al-Taie, Anmar; Köseoğlu, Aygül
    Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe hereditary lower motor neuron disorder characterised by degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, resulting in progressive weakness and paralysis of proximal muscles. A systematic literature search was carried out by using PRISMA guidelines and searching through different databases that could provide findings of evidence on the health outcomes of the approved therapies for the management of paediatric SMA type 1 regarding efficacy with follow-up in terms of motor and respiratory functions and the tolerability and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) post-treatment from real-world publications. Half of the publications (50%) had a prospective observational design. Eight studies (66.7%) assessed nusinersen, and three studies (25%) assessed onasemnogene abeparvovec with a duration of follow-up ranging from 6 months to 3 years to evaluate the motor and respiratory functions using different assessment tools, hospitalisation rates, and the tolerability and incidence of ADRs post-treatment. The three currently approved treatments for SMA type 1 provided good support and health outcomes in terms of motor function, respiratory outcomes, reduction of hospitalisations, and improvement of survival. Nevertheless, uncertainties regarding continued improvement after long-term illness and the generalizability of results are still unknown.
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    The potential chemo-preventive roles of Malus domestica against the risk of colorectal cancer: A suggestive insight into clinical application
    (Elsevier, 2022) Köseoğlu, Aygül; Al-Taie, Anmar
    Biologically active compounds in fruit-derived ingredients, particularly phytochemicals, have significant potential to modulate and mitigate many pathological processes in the development of disease conditions, including cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major public health issue. Nonetheless, prevention is an important step in lowering the rate of mortality from this cancer. Currently, the link between apple consumption and improved health is becoming remarkably evident and is reported to be beneficial for human health. Phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and other polyphenol compounds extensively available in apple fruits, have well-known positive effects on health outcomes and the potential to combat and prevent the development of CRC, including antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anticarcinogenic effects. This review describes the bioactive compounds derived from apple fruits, particularly the polyphenols and flavonoids, their proposed mechanisms responsible for their bioactive properties and health-promoting attributes that could provide potential chemo-preventive effects against the risk of CRC development. The conclusion of the review provides insights into the potential effects of apple-derived bioactive compounds and proposes the need for more clinical studies in large trials for future strategies regarding the valuable effects of apple phytochemicals, which might be therapeutic candidates in the campaign against CRC.