Effect of piperacillin-tazobactam vs meropenem on 30-day mortality for patients with e coli or klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection and ceftriaxone resistance a randomized clinical trial
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2018Author
Harris, Patrick N. A.Tambyah, Paul Anatharajah
Lye, David Chien
Mo Yinli
Lee, Tau Hong
Yılmaz, Mesut
Alenazi, Tamer H.
Arabi, Yaseen
Falcone, Marco
Bassetti, Matteo
Righi, Elda
Rogers, Benjamin A.
Kanj, Souha
Bhally, Hasan
Iredell, Jon
Mendelson, Marc
Boyles, Tom H.
Looke, David
Miyakis, Spiros
Walls, Genevieve
Al Khamis, Mohammed
Zikri, Ahmed
Crowe, Amy
Ingram, Paul
Daneman, Nick
Griffin, Paul
Athan, Eugene
Lorenc, Penelope
Baker, Peter
Roberts, Leah
Beatson, Scott A.
Peleg, Anton Y.
Harris-Brown, Tiffany
Paterson, David L.
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Harris, P., Tambyah, P., Lye, D, Mo, Y., Lee, T., Yılmaz, M. ... Paterson, D. L. (2018). Effect of piperacillin-tazobactam vs meropenem on 30-day mortality for patients with e coli or klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection and ceftriaxone resistance a randomized clinical trial. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 320(10), 984-994. https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.12163Abstract
IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases mediate resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (eg, ceftriaxone) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Significant infections caused by these strains are usually treated with carbapenems, potentially selecting for carbapenem resistance. Piperacillin-tazobactam may be an effective "carbapenem-sparing" option to treat extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. OBJECTIVES To determine whether definitive therapy with piperacillin-tazobactam is noninferior to meropenem (a carbapenem) in patients with bloodstream infection caused by ceftriaxone-nonsusceptible E coli or K pneumoniae. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Noninferiority, parallel group, randomized clinical trial included hospitalized patients enrolled from 26 sites in 9 countries from February 2014 to July 2017. Adult patients were eligible if they had at least 1 positive blood culture with E coli or Klebsiella spp testing nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone but susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam. Of 1646 patients screened, 391 were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned 1: 1 to intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam, 4.5 g, every 6 hours (n = 188 participants) or meropenem, 1 g, every 8 hours (n = 191 participants) for a minimum of 4 days, up to a maximum of 14 days, with the total duration determined by the treating clinician. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days after randomization. A noninferiority margin of 5% was used. RESULTS Among 379 patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 47.8% women) who were randomized appropriately, received at least 1 dose of study drug, and were included in the primary analysis population, 378 (99.7%) completed the trial and were assessed for the primary outcome. A total of 23 of 187 patients (12.3%) randomized to piperacillin-tazobactam met the primary outcome of mortality at 30 days compared with 7 of 191 (3.7%) randomized to meropenem (risk difference, 8.6%[1-sided 97.5% CI, -infinity to 14.5%]; P = .90 for noninferiority). Effects were consistent in an analysis of the per-protocol population. Nonfatal serious adverse events occurred in 5 of 188 patients (2.7%) in the piperacillin-tazobactam group and 3 of 191 (1.6%) in the meropenem group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with E coli or K pneumoniae bloodstream infection and ceftriaxone resistance, definitive treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam compared with meropenem did not result in a noninferior 30-day mortality. These findings do not support use of piperacillin-tazobactam in this setting.
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