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External borrowing issue in Ottoman Empire (1854-1876 term)
(Springer, 2018)
By the beginning of the Nineteenth century, foreign borrowing was put on the agenda since it was understood that fiscal structure of the state could not be sustained by internal dynamics; yet, foreign borrowing did not ...
Economic contributions of the Ottoman Bank in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic
(Springer, 2018)
The Ottoman Bank had a special place in the Ottoman Empire during the development of monetary and credit institutions. Founded in 1863, the Ottoman Bank functioned as the central bank for many subjects in the Ottoman Empire, ...