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[(PSG)-977.2(was)-978.5(performed)-981(using)-978.8(the)]TJ
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[(Compumedics)-553.5(E)-549.5(3142)-545.8(PSG)-545.3(device)-551.6(\(Compumedics,)-552.3(Inc.,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(Melbo)-7.7(urne,)-343(Vic.,)-346.4(Australia\).)-351.8(Participants)-350.9(were)-347.4(prepared)-346.3(for)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(recording)-478.8(with)-472.1(a)-468.8(standard)-477.6(PSG)-470.4(montage.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 483.9305 402.5196 Tm
(21)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 495.9495 398.1542 Tm
[(An)-475.4(electroen-)]TJ
-18.5808 -1.1116 TD
[(cephalogram)-548(\(C3/M2,)-542(C4/M1,)-540.9(O1/M2,)-540.7(O2/M1\),)-541.8(bilateral)]TJ
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[(elect)-9.3(rooculogram,)-324.4(and)-327(submentalis)-326.7(electromyogram)-333.8(\(EMG\))]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(were)-479.9(used)-483.4(to)-474.6(assess)-480.4(sleep)-480.1(stages,)-478.6(which)-480(were)-479.9(scored)-481(ac-)]TJ
T*
[(cording)-383.4(to)-370.9(the)-379(Rechtschaffen)-383.9(and)-378.8(Kales)-377.3(criteria.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 508.9889 358.696 Tm
(21)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 520.1006 354.3306 Tm
[(For)-371.7(res-)]TJ
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[(piration,)-290.2(nasal)-284.2(ow)-286.2(was)-287.4(assessed)-288(using)-287.7(a)-284.5(nasal)-290(cannula)-287.8(with)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(a)-440(pressure)-436.9(transducer;)-441.8(a)-434.2(thermistor)-439.8(was)-437.1(used)-437.4(for)-435.2(oral)-437.6(and)]TJ
T*
[(nasal)-313(respiration.)-311.8(Thoracic)-313.1(and)-309.7(abdominal)-313.2(movements)-314.2(were)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(measured)-347.4(using)-345.3(inductance)-350(plethysmography,)-346.1(oxyhemoglo-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(bin)-579.4(saturation)-583.7(was)-581.1(measured)-583.5(using)-581.4(pulse)-576.8(oximetry,)-585.1(and)]TJ
T*
[(snoring)-462.6(was)-460.2(measured)-462.6(with)-460.5(a)-457.3(tracheal)-462.9(microphone.)-461.6(Sleep)]TJ
T*
[(position)-400.7(was)-396.8(determined)-401.9(using)-397.1(a)-393.9(position)-394.9(sensor.)-402.4(An)-394.7(elec-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(trocardiogram)-370.5(\(V2)-367(modied\))-362.5(was)-368(used)-362.5(to)-365.2(access)-368(heart)-365(rate)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(variability)-9.3(.)-337.5(A)0(n)-342.9(anterior)-351.2(tibial)-342.4(EMG)-346.1(was)-339.2(also)-345.3(used)-345.2(to)-342.2(detect)]TJ
T*
[(periodic)-339.7(limb)-334.2(movements.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(Apnea)-256.4(was)-252.8(dened)-250.7(as)-250.8(the)-252.3(complete)-255.7(interruption)-256.7(of)-249.8(airow)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(for)-262.4(more)-266(than)-259.1(10)-169.2(sec,)-262.3(while)-261.2(hypopnea)-258.8(was)-264.3(dened)-262.2(as)-262.4(at)-262.7(least)]TJ
T*
[(a)-324.8(30%)-321.1(reduction)-329.3(in)-319.1(the)-321.4(oronasal)-327.8(airow)-325.4(for)-320(10)-169.2(sec)-322.2(or)-319(more,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(with)-426(at)-429.7(least)-422.6(3%)-429.5(oxygen)-422.5(desaturation)-431.6(compared)-428.2(with)-426(pre-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(vious)-310.7(breathing)-306.2(events)-308.4(or)-307.4(development)-310.9(of)-307.4(arousal.)-307.1(AHI)-304.5(was)]TJ
T*
[(obtained)-501(by)-491.8(dividing)-498.8(the)-494.2(total)-496.6(number)-492.8(of)-497.5(apnea)-492.8(and)-494(hy-)]TJ
T*
[(popnea)-366(episodes)-362.2(by)-359.3(the)-361.7(total)-358.4(sleep)-364.9(time.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 476.7306 172.4031 Tm
(21)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 487.6723 168.0377 Tm
[(OSA)-362(severity)-362.5(is)]TJ
-17.7399 -1.1174 TD
[(dened)-291(as)-291.2(mild)-288.1(for)-291.2(AHI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
10.0046 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
[(5)-289.1(and)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
2.5228 0 TD
(<)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
[(15;)-285.7(moderate)-295.9(for)-285.5(AHI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
9.1119 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.5472 0 TD
(15)Tj
-23.2922 -1.1116 TD
(and)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.6991 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
[(30;)-251.1(and)-246.4(severe)-251.8(for)-250.9(AHI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
9.4747 0 TD
(>)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.5472 0 TD
(30/h.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 453.8833 150.463 Tm
(21)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 463.7479 146.0976 Tm
[(The)-247.6(arousal)-251.8(index)-248.7(was)]TJ
-15.3093 -1.1116 TD
[(calculated)-449.2(as)-440.9(the)-442.3(number)-441(of)-439.9(arousals)-442.8(per)-436.4(hour)-442.1(of)-439.9(sleep.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 544.8187 139.5212 Tm
(21)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 313.0582 124.1575 Tm
[(PSG)-280.3(was)-281.6(scored)-279.4(by)-272.9(a)-278.7(pulmonologist)-280.8(who)-274.9(was)-281.6(blinded)-279.8(to)-278.8(the)]TJ
T*
[(other)-335.1(experimental)-342(data)-335.2(and)-332.8(to)-336.4(randomization.)]TJ
/F15 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 323.0361 89.4614 Tm
[(Pulmonary)-483.7(function)-482.8(tests.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 436.0818 89.4614 Tm
[(PFTs)-465.9(were)-468.3(performed)-474.1(using)]TJ
-12.4986 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-390.5(ZAN)-392.1(100)-389.2(USB)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 390.7274 82.885 Tm
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 397.5306 78.463 Tm
[(\(nSpire)-388.9(Health)-396(GmbH,)-391(Germany\))-393.3(spi-)]TJ
-8.582 -1.1116 TD
[(rometer)-472.1(and)-465.2(applied)-471.1(according)-468.5(to)-463.1(the)-465.4(American)-475.3(Thoracic)]TJ
T*
[(Society)-338.4(and)-332.8(European)-340.6(Respiratory)-338(Society)-332.7(guidelines.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 529.9652 60.9449 Tm
(22)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 749.6502 Tm
(318)Tj
42.5469 0 TD
[(YILMAZ)-333.3(GOKMEN)-333.7(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
ET
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
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BT
/F15 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 69.7323 725.7825 Tm
0 0 0 rg
0 Tc
0 Tw
[(Epworth)-455.9(sleepiness)-450.9(scale.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 185.0456 725.7825 Tm
[(The)-443.4(ESS)-441.9(is)-439.9(a)-440(questionnaire)]TJ
-12.729 -1.1116 TD
[(containing)-272.9(eight)-271.9(items)-267.1(that)-270.8(measure)-271.4(the)-269.5(likelihood)-271.9(of)-267.1(dozing)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(du)20.8(ri)26.5(ng)-226.8(ty)26.5(pi)20.7(ca)24.3(l)-237.4(d)0(a)25.4(y)0(t)20.7(i)0(m)25.2(e)-238.4(a)15(c)0(t)19.5(i)0(v)26.5(i)0(t)20.6(i)0(e)25.3(s)0(.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 186.2929 708.2076 Tm
-.0162 Tc
(23)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 195.8739 703.8423 Tm
0 Tc
[(T)15(h)0(e)-228(E)15(SS)-226.5(sc)25.6(or)20.9(e)-232.6(\()0(t)20.7(h)0(e)-222.2(s)0(u)21(m)-232.7(of)]TJ
-13.8291 -1.1116 TD
[(ei)19.5(gh)26.6(t-)20.7(it)26.3(em)-332.9(sc)25.6(or)20.9(es)19.9(,)-337.5(0)0()20.8(3)16.2(\))-340.9(c)0(a)18.5(n)-340.9(ra)25.5(ng)20.8(e)-342.1(f)0(r)26.7(o)0(m)-331.7(0)-340.9(to)-330.6(24)26.6(.)-343.2(H)0(i)25.6(g)0(h)20.8(e)0(r)-331.6(E)15(SS)]TJ
T*
[(sc)19.9(or)26.6(es)-250.8(i)16.1(n)0(d)20.8(i)0(c)25.3(a)0(t)19.5(e)-255.7(hi)26.5(gh)20.8(er)-245.2(av)25.4(er)19.7(ag)25.4(e)-261.4(s)16.4(le)19.6(ep)-245.3(pr)26.6(op)20.8(en)25.4(si)20.9(ty)-244.2(in)-244.2(da)25.4(il)20.6(y)-254.5(l)0(i)20.6(f)16.2(e.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 291.5716 686.3242 Tm
(23)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 69.7323 655.7101 Tm
[(Short)-410.7(form-36.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 137.0834 655.7101 Tm
[(The)-403.1(SF-36)-396.8(is)-405.3(one)-401.9(of)-399.6(the)-402(most)-397.2(common)]TJ
-7.8562 -1.1116 TD
[(generic)-339.6(measures)-341.4(of)-336.2(quality)-337.6(of)-336.2(life.)-337.5(It)-336.4(is)-342(not)-331.7(specic)-339.3(to)-336.4(any)]TJ
T*
(age,)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 75.9685 638.192 Tm
(24)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 85.7197 633.8266 Tm
[(illness,)-236.9(or)-238.3(treatment)-245.4(group.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 191.4519 638.192 Tm
(2528)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 212.3149 633.8266 Tm
[(The)-236(total)-243.2(score)-238(ranges)]TJ
-15.4994 -1.1116 TD
[(between)-363.5(0)-352.4(and)-355.8(100)-354.6(with)-356.9(its)-354.7(eight)-358.3(items,)-357(including)-357(physical)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(functioning)-7.9(,)-400.8(physical)-408.6(status,)-402.7(general)-408.7(health,)-410(vitality,)-405.7(social)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(functioning)-7.9(,)-562.1(emotional)-572.6(status,)-569.8(mental)-569.1(health,)-571.3(and)-568.9(bodily)]TJ
T*
[(pain.)-337.4(Higher)-337(scores)-336.8(indicate)-335.2(a)-330.6(better)-337.5(health)-337.5(status.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 261.6944 594.3683 Tm
(28)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 69.7323 563.7542 Tm
[(Pittsburgh)-558.7(Sleep)-558.2(Quality)-552.7(Index.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 208.8566 563.7542 Tm
[(The)-541.3(PSQI)-534.8(is)-537.8(a)-537.9(ques-)]TJ
-15.148 -1.1116 TD
[(tionnaire)-294.8(that)-293.8(evaluates)-291.1(sleep)-295.8(quality)-291.5(and)-292.4(patterns)-293.4(according)]TJ
T*
[(to)-336.4(seven)-335.9(components,)-334.7(including)-334(subjective)-337.2(quality)-337.6(of)-330.5(sleep,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(sleep)-267(latency,)-268.3(sleep)-267(duration,)-261.3(habitual)-270.7(sleep)-261.2(efciency,)-271.4(sleep)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(disturbance)-9.9(s,)-522.7(use)-528.4(of)-520.5(sleep)-531.9(medication,)-526.4(and)-528.6(daytime)-524.1(dys-)]TJ
T*
(functions.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 98.9291 513.3542 Tm
(29)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 109.474 508.9888 Tm
[(The)-322.4(questions)-322(are)-322.4(scored)-325.5(between)-323.2(0)-323.6(and)-321.2(3,)-315.6(and)]TJ
-5.0513 -1.1116 TD
[(higher)-318.9(scores)-313.8(indicate)-312.2(poor)-315.4(quality)-314.5(of)-313.2(sleep.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 235.8991 502.4125 Tm
(29)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 246.3873 498.0471 Tm
[(Sleep)-313.1(quality)]TJ
-18.961 -1.1174 TD
[(was)-396.8(analyzed)-399.5(based)-393.5(on)-393.9(the)-396.3(3-factor)-391.3(PSQI)-396.6(model)-393.9(proposed)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(by)-376.6(Cole)-381.1(et)-377.9(al.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 116.2204 480.4723 Tm
(30)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 127.3322 476.107 Tm
[(Conrmatory)-384.1(analysis)-379.6(performed)-382(by)-376.6(those)]TJ
-6.8656 -1.1116 TD
.0188 Tc
[(auth)6.2(ors)-489(y).4(ie)5(lded)-483.4(three)-484.6(f).5(acto)6.2(r).5(s:)-489.3(fa)5(ctor)-489.1(1)6.2(,)-491.5(sle)5(e)-.7(p)-489.1(e)-.7(f)6.2().6(cien)6.2(cy)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0184 Tc
[(\(sleep)-241.9(du)5.8(rati)5.7(on)-241.9(and)-241.9(s)6(leep)-236.1(ef)5.9(c)-1.1(ien)5.8(c)-1.1(y)-241.9(c)4.6(omp)5.8(onent)5.7(s\);)-236.3(f).1(act)5.7(or)-241.8(2,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(sl)26.7(e)15(e)15(p)-243(q)16.2(u)16.2(a)15(li)26.3(t)16.1(y)-237.2(\(s)26.8(u)16.2(b)16.2(j)0(e)25.3(c)15(t)16.1(i)16.1(v)0(e)-228(s)16.4(le)25.3(e)15(p)-237.2(q)16.2(u)0(a)25.4(l)16.1(i)16.1(t)0(y)26.5(,)-239.6(s)16.4(l)16.1(ee)24.3(p)-237.2(l)16.1(a)15(t)0(e)25.3(n)16.2(c)15(y)16.2(,)-239.6(a)0(n)25.4(d)-237.2(s)16.4(l)0(e)25.3(e)15(p)]TJ
T*
-.0155 Tc
[(me)-15.5(d)9.9(i).6(cat)-15.5(i)10.8(o).7(n)-321.9(u).7(s)-15.5(e)-306.6(c)-15.5(o)9.9(mpon)-15.5(e)9.9(n).7(ts)-15.5(\))11.3(;)-322(and)-321.9(f).7(ac)-15.5(t)9.8(o).7(r)-321.8(3).7(,)-324.2(d).7(ail)-15.5(y)-305.8(d)-15.5(i)11(stu)-15.5(r)11.1(ban)-15.5(c)9.9(es)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
0 Tc
[(\(sleep)-412(disturbances)-414(and)-407.6(daytime)-414.7(dysfunction)-405(components)-8.8(\).)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(Similarly,)-338.6(we)-332.5(used)-339.4(a)-330.6(3-factor)-339.5(PSQI)-333.2(model)-336.3(in)-330.6(our)-331.6(study.)]TJ
/F14 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 384.1511 Tm
[(Exercise)-339.5(program)]TJ
/F15 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(TCQ)-435.1(exercises.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 141.7889 367.7101 Tm
[(The)-431.9(intervention)-430.7(group)-425.9(received)-428.3(a)-428.5(su-)]TJ
-8.3343 -1.1116 TD
[(pervised)-281.7(TCQ)-282.9(training)-281(program)-280.7(for)-273.9(3)-277.6(days)-281.8(per)-280.9(week,)-281.7(1)-162.4(h)-277.6(per)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(day,)-261.3(for)-256.7(12)-255.6(weeks.)-259.6(Patient)-257.9(leae)-9(ts,)-253.2(containing)-261.4(pictures)-258.8(of)-255.6(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(same)-480.1(movements)-481.2(and)-482.5(same)-480.1(duration,)-480.2(were)-479.9(prepared,)-476.4(and)]TJ
T*
[(patients)-437.5(were)-433.8(instructed)-434(to)-428.5(perform)-436.2(exercises)-434.7(at)-429.7(home)-433(for)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(2)-433.1(days.)-429.3(The)-437.6(supervisor)-432.3(is)-428.3(a)-434.2(physiotherapist)-433.7(\(G.Y.G.\))-433.1(who)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(was)-264.3(a)-255.7(trainee)-264.8(of)-255.6(an)-262.5(instructor)-260(with)-259(17)-261.4(years)-261(of)-255.6(experience)-264.6(on)]TJ
T*
[(Level)-596.7(II)-589.6(TC)-591.9(and)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
8.0521 0 TD
[(Zhan)-591.7(Zhuang)-593.9(Chi)-592(Kung.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 244.7999 295.37 Tm
(31)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 258.0094 291.0046 Tm
[(The)-593.1(TCQ)]TJ
-20.1417 -1.1116 TD
[(training)-430.8(program)-430.5(was)-431.4(developed)-434(in)-428.5(collaboration)-433(with)-426(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(instructor)-346.4(\(Table)-350.1(1\).)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 140.8818 273.4299 Tm
(3234)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 162.7086 269.0645 Tm
[(Before)-349.7(starting)-344.2(the)-344.4(exercises,)-351.8(Tan)]TJ
-10.4596 -1.1116 TD
[(Tien)-479.2(breathing)-484.8(was)-477.4(taught)-480.3(and)-476.8(exercises)-480.8(were)-485.6(performed)]TJ
T*
[(through)-330.4(this)-332.8(breathing)-329.3(technique.)-333.9(Tan)-334(Tien)-329.4(lies)-333.9(3)-162.4(c)0(m)-332.9(below)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-373.2(navel,)-374.3(one-third)-374.1(of)-376.5(the)-367.5(way)-374(into)-373.3(the)-373.2(body.)-370.7(The)-374.3(partici-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(pant)-362.8(slowly)-364.6(inhales)-361.4(through)-359.1(the)-361.7(nose)-362.5(toward)-360.1(the)-361.7(navel)-359.3(and)]TJ
T*
[(exhales)-339.4(through)-336.1(the)-332.9(nose.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 162.5385 218.6645 Tm
(32)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 203.3008 Tm
[(The)-408.8(training)-402(program)-407.5(lasted)-406.4(for)-406.4(60)-169.2(min,)-405.5(including)-403.1(rests.)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(The)-305.2(TCQ)-300.1(training)-304.1(was)-304.6(performed)-301.4(within)-301.6(intensity)-305.1(ranges)-302.5(of)]TJ
T*
[(1113)-379.9(\(light)-375.6(to)-370.9(somewhat)-381.8(hard\))-375.2(as)-377.5(per)-373.1(the)-379(Borg)-374(ratings)-377.5(of)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-246.5(Perceived)-250.7(Exertion)-247.5(Scale.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 176.0314 174.8409 Tm
(35)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 185.8393 170.4189 Tm
[(Exercises)-250.5(were)-243.7(performed)-249.5(in)]TJ
-12.8096 -1.1116 TD
[(a)-503.4(standing)-505.4(position)-498.6(with)-506.6(four)-499.7(to)-503.4(six)-498.6(participants)-506.6(in)-503.4(each)]TJ
T*
[(group)-362.6(in)-359.4(the)-361.7(exercise)-364.7(room)-356.9(at)-360.6(the)-361.7(pulmonary)-358(rehabilitation)]TJ
T*
[(unit)-338.7(of)-330.5(the)-332.9(University)-341.5(Hospital.)]TJ
/F15 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 69.7323 111.3448 Tm
[(Home)-519.1(exercise)-523(program.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 180.8503 111.3448 Tm
[(The)-506.8(home)-502.1(exercise)-508.7(program)]TJ
-12.3027 -1.1116 TD
[(was)-471.7(administered)-478.9(to)-468.9(the)-471.1(control)-469.9(group.)-469.7(All)-471(patients)-477.9(were)]TJ
T*
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